hÀ¯am\Ime¯v {]Npc{]Nmcw t\Snb
Hcp kwÚbmWv Xo{hhmZw. kmaqlnI kmlNcyw Iepjam¡p¶Xn henb ]¦mWv Xo{hhmZw
hln¡p¶Xv. Cu ]Z¯nsâ AÀYXean¶v IqSpXÂ ssh]peyhpw t\Snbn«pv. Xo{hhmZhpw
A Xnsâ AXncq£ hIt`Zamb `oIchmZhpw NÀ¨sN¿m¯ Zn\§fnÃ. ]eXnsâ bpw t]cn \mSpIe¡nbpw
Ipep¡nbpw ]eXpw t\Sm\mWv ]ecpsSbpw {iaw. AXnsâ ]cnWXnbmWo kmaqly ZpÀ\nan¯w.
`oIcXbpsS cwK\r¯w XoÀ ¡p¶ Zpc´§fpsS sISpXnt]dn apXpsImSnª P\kl{k§Ä a\pjya\ÊnÂ
t]mepw ]pdwt]m¡n lXmibcmbn¡gnbpIbmWv.
kmaqly PohnX¯nsâ kpXmcy hgnsb
k¦oÀWam¡n kzmØyw sISp¯p¶ Cu almamcn Bscbpw IS¶p]nSn¡m³ ]mIs¸Sp¯nb {]NmcW
hgn kzoIcn¨n«pv. AXn\m Xs¶ ]cnWXnsb¡pdn¨v BtemN\mtijn hn\ntbmKn¡m\mhm¯
hn[w hnt[bhXvIcWw \S¡pIbmWv. {ItaW kzbw \ymboIcW¯n sâ ^mknÌv coXn
Bhmln¨hcmbn¯ocpIbmWv ]ecpw. C¯cw Hcp ]ÝmXe¯n kmlNcy¯nsâ D¡Samb
tX«amWv hkvXp\njvTamb t_m[hXvIcWw.
IrXyamb Hcp \nÀhN\¯nsâ ]cn[nbnÂ
Xo{hhmZs¯ HXp¡m\mbn«nÃ. ]e cpw X§fpsS XmXv]cyw t]mse hymJym\n¡pIbmWv.
AXncpIS¶ Aklnjv WpXbpsSbpw ]cn[nhn« ]£]mX¯nsâbpw ^eambpmbn¯ocp¶ \b\ne]mSpIsf¶v
\ap¡Xns\ kmam\yambn ]cnNbs¸Sp¯mw. £´hyaÃm¯ kmaqly hn`P\tcJIsfÃmw
HcÀY¯n Xo{hhmZ¯n\v kmlNcysamcp¡p¶pv. GsX¦nepw Hcp BZÀis¯, Bibs¯
k¼qÀWamb AÀY¯n kzoIcn¡m \pw A\phÀ¯n¡m\papÅ t_m[s¯bpw {]NmcW ]cn]mSnIsfbpw
Xo{hhmZsa¶v ]dªpIqSm. CXmWv Xo{hhmZsa¦n AXv Bt£]mÀlhpaÃ. Cu t_m [s¯bpw
{]Xn_²Xsbbpw \ap¡v Xo{ht_m[sa¶v ]dbmhp¶XmWv.
hÀKobX t]mse Xs¶ Xm\pw XtâXpw
am{Xta \ne\nÂt¡XpÅq. AÃm¯Xns\m¶n\pw \ne\n¡m\hImianà F¶ AklnjvWpXbpsS
Hcp Dt]m¸¶amWv A{Iamkàamb Xo{hhmZw. kz´w AkvXnXz¯n\v `wKw hcmsX
]mc¼cy¯nsâ kmlNcyw tXSp¶ anXhmZ¯nsâ hn]coXamWnXv. Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ
ImcyImcW§fpsS XmXznIamsbmcp efnX ho£WamWnXv.
F¶m hÀ¯am\Ime Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ
Agnªm«¯n \n¶pw ]cnWXnbn \n¶pw hmbns¨Sp¡m\mIp¶ Nne \n£n]vX
XmXv]cy§fpv. aX¯nsâtbm BZÀi¯nsâtbm ASnØm\¯n C¯csamcp Xo{hhmZw \ne\n¸pw
\ymboIcWhpw t\Sp¶nà F¶XmWv t\cv. ]t£, kÀh kzoImcyamb Hcp
bmYmÀYy¯nsâbpw Bib¯nsâbpw ad]nSn¨v h{I_p²n {]hÀ¯n¡pIbmWv.
hyànbpsS/]mÀ«nbpsS/BÄ¡q«¯nsâ
k¦pNnX XmXv]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xn\mbn e£yhpw amÀKhpw \nÀWbn¡pI F¶XmWv
Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ coXnimkv{Xw. GXp Xc¯nepÅ Xo{hhmZ hnfbm«¯nsâ ]n¶nepw
cmjv{Sobtam km¼¯nItam kzmÀYtam Bb XmXv]cy§fpmImw. ]Zhn t\Sepw \ne\nÀ¯epw
hoc]ucpj {]iànbpw e£yambn¡mWmdpv. {]NmcIsâ hmKznemk¯nsâ ambma[pcamb
AhXcWw ]escbpw AÔ·mcm¡pIbmWn¶v. IXpw tI« Xpw AdnªXpw A\p`hn¨Xpw A\yw
\nÀ¯n ]pXnb hgn t\Sm³ AhXcW¯nsâ amkvacnIX ]escbpw t{]cn¸n¡p¶p. kwthZ\£aamb
Úmt\{µnb§Ä kmaqly kmlNcys¯ \nco£n¨dnbm\pÅ tijnsb AhKWn¡pIbmWhÀ. {Ia\n_²amb
]T\thZnIfneqsS ]mc¼cy kpXmcyhgntbmSv AWnIfn \ncmkw hfÀ¯p¶p. A§s\
BZÀi]camb jWvUoIcW¯n\v hnt[bcmbhÀ t\Xm¡fm sXfnbn¡s¸SpIbmWv. ]cnWXnsb¡pdn¨pÅ
hnNmctam ]p\cmtemN\tbm IqSmsX.A]Izhpw AXncpIS¶Xpamb Hm¸tdj\pIfneqsS,
]dªp]Tn¸n¨ \ymb§fpsS ihZmlw \S¯pIbmWv. ]mIs¸Sp¯m\pÅ IpX{´§fmbncp¶p
bYmÀY¯n ¢mkpIfpsS hnjb {IaoIcWw. ]mIs¸«h³ ]ns¶ hnNmc ioeanÃm¯Xn\m t\cs¯
tI«sXm¶pw Ahs\ Atemkcs¸Sp¯p¶nÃ. F´n\pw GXn \pw BÚ¡pw kzmÀY]camb
DÄhnfn¡pw Im¯ncn¡pIbmWhÀ. \ap¡dnhpÅ Xo{hhmZ]camb B{IaW§fpsSbpw kwL«\§fpsSbpw
bmYmÀYyt_m[t¯msSbpÅ \nco£Ww \ap¡nXv t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶XmWv.
A´ÀtZiobhpw tZiobhpambn \S¶n«pÅ
Cu Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ cwK\r¯w kmaqlykmlNcy¯n\v F´v KpW^eamWv {]Zm\w sNbvXXv?
Bfpw AÀYhpw \in¡pIbpw kzmØyw XIcpIbpw sNbvXp F¶Xn\¸pd¯v F´mWnhbpsSsbms¡
_m¡n]{Xw? t\Xm¡fpw kq{X[mcIcpw Hfn¯mhf§fnepw kpJhmktI{µ§fnepw kkpJw
hmgp¶p. \nc]cm[nIfmb ]Xn\mbnc§Ä A`bmÀYnIfpw kwib¯nsâ \qengbn Ipcp§n
AgnIÄ¡pÅnepw Ignbp¶p. th\ense Im«pXo t]mse ]SÀ¶p I¯p¶ kwLÀj apJ¯v \nc]cm[nIfpw
kam[m\ Imw£nIfpw hen¨ng¡s¸Spsa¶pd¸mWv. {]iv\apJ¯v ssk\nIhXvIcn¡s¸«
knhnenb·mcmb Bbnc§Ä, km{amPyXz Iivae·mcpsS {Iqc hnt\mZ¯n\ncbmIp¶
A_qKco_pw Kzm\mtambpw \s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶pv. Pohn¡m\pw \ne\n¡m\papÅ
AhImi t_m[amWnhcn ]escbpw AgnIÄ¡I¯m¡nbXv. AhcpsS icoc¯nemWv BtKmf `oIcsâ
In¦c·mÀ IncmX \r¯amSp¶Xv. \nc]cm[nIÄ Xs¶ tlman¡s¸Sp¶ Im«p\oXnbpsS
temI{Ia¯n kzbw XesImSp¡mXncn¡p¶ XmWmÀ¡pw _p²n.
A\p`h¯nsâ Xo£vWamb Icnam\§Ä
hmbns¨Sp¡msX AcpXm¯Xn\v hopw A\pbmbnIsf t{]cn¸n¡pIbmWv t\XrXzw. H¶nsâ
ZpcnX]ÀƯn Xo Xn¶p¶hcpsS thZ\n¡p¶ HmÀaIÄ ambv¡s¸Sp¶Xn\v thnbmtWm
cmasXm¶nsâ krjvSn F¶v tXm¶pIbmWv. amdmSv ad¡m³ \mant¸mÄ ]mIs¸«p Ignªp.
]p¶mSpw \mw ad¶psImÅpw. adhn F¶ alm\p{Kl¯nsâ XncÈoe¡v ]n¶n ]pXnbsXm¶n\v
tIm¸pIq«p¶ Xncn¨dnbm\mhm¯ ØnXnbmWXnZb\obw.
kzØambpw kam[m\ambpw Pohn¡m\pÅ
AhImihpw kzmX{´yhpw auenIamWv. sFIycmjv{Sk`bpsS a\pjymhImi {]Jym]\hpw
\½psS `cWLS\bpsS auenImhImi§fpw AXv hnfw_cs¸Sp¯p¶pv. Cu kzmX{´ykpc£nX
kam[m\]qÀWamb AhØ \jvSs¸Sp¯p¶ {]hWXIsfÃmw P\hncp²hpw tZihncp²hpamWv.
A¨S¡t¯msS \nÀ`bcmbn¡gnbm\pÅ kmlNcyw FÃmhÀ¡pw e`yamIWw.
HcptZis¯/hwis¯/kaqls¯
i{Xphmbn {]XnjvTn¨v, hncp² hnImcw hfÀ ¯n B{IaW¯nsâ t{]cWtbm t{]mÕml\tam
klmbtam \ymboIcWw \ÂIp¶Xv \mKcnI kam[m\¯nsâ kÀK KpWamtIXÃ. P´pP\yamb
`m hs¯ kwkvIcn¡m\mhp¶XneqsSbmWv a\pjy³ \mKcnI\mIp¶Xv. ({]XypX It¼mf
kwkvImc¯nsâ Ccbmbn¯ocpt¼mgÃ.) P´pXbpsS tX«amWv B[n]Xytamlw. Xs¶¡mÄ iàn
IpdªXns\ B{Ian¡p¶ {]hWX P´p¡fn kzm`mhnIamWv.
Cu P´pXbpsS ta aX§tfm
BZÀi§tfm t\Snb ]cnhÀ¯nX `mhs¯ XakvIcn¡m\mWv `oIchmZnIfpw Xo{hhmZnIfpw
aX]camb \nÀtZi§sf Iq«p]nSn¡p¶Xv. AÃmbncps¶¦n kam[m\hpw kpØnXnbpw
t\Sp¶Xn\pÅ amÀKahew_n¡m\mWhscÃmw X¿mdmthnbncp¶Xv. D]cnkqNn¸n¨t]mse
aX¯n sâ t]c Xs¶ {]Xn_²Xm ]qÀWamb BZÀit_m[s¯ \nÊmchXvIcn¡pIbmWn¯c¡mÀ
sN¿p¶Xv. ]c¼cmKXamb t\Xrhgnsb \ncmIcn¡m\pw AhKWn¡m\pw A\pbmbnIÄ ]mIs¸Sp¶psh¦nÂ
Cu BZÀi\ockw A\nhmcyambn¯ocp¶p. AXn\m Xs¶ Cu hnIShgnbnte¡mIÀjn¡s¸Sp¶hÀ
{Iam\pKXambn ]mc¼cykpXmcy hgnbn \n¶paIep¶Xv ImWmw.
kmaqlyambn Xo{hhmZw krjvSn¡p¶
ZpcnX§fpw ZpÊqN\Ifpw kpa\kvIÀ¡v t_m[yapÅXpw AwKoIcn¡m\mIm¯XpamWv. aXw,
PmXn, hÀKw, `mj XpS§n F´p ad]nSn¨mbmepw AXnsâ sISpXnIÄ \s½ ZpxJn¸n¡p¶XmWv.
kaql¯nsâ `mKsa¶ \nebn aX¡mcpw AÃm¯hcpamb P\§Ä C¯cw {]hWXIsf FXnÀ¡p¶Xv
AXnsâ kmaqlycwKs¯ ImepjyhXvIcWw sImmWv. It¼mfkwkvImc¯nsâ
BUw_c{`as¯bpw BkzmZ\Xzcsbbpw Agnªm«§sfbpw kmwkvImcnI t_m[apÅhÀ¡v
AwKoIcn¡m\mhnÃ. ]t£, ]pXnb temI{Ia¯n AsXms¡bpw Hmtcmcp¯cpsS
auenIambn«pÅ kzmX{´yamsW¶XÃ bYmÀY ØnXn. F¦nÂ]ns¶ AXnsâ Zqjy§fpw ]cnWXnIfpw
]dªv a\Ênem¡pIbpw klmbn¡mXncn¡pIbpw sN¿pI F¶Xne¸pdw t]mhmXncn¡emWv
IcWobw.
GsX¦nepw Hcp tZi¯nsâ
kmaqlykmwkvImcnI kmlNcy¯n\v AXv `ojWntbm `oXntbm BIp¶psh¦n \nÀ±njvSamb
hgnbneqsS AXv CÃmbva sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ {iaamWv \St¯Xv. Hcp tZi¯nsâ `cWkwhn[m\¯nsâ
s\dntISns\Xnsc {]kvXpX tZis¯ GsX¦nepsamcp ]ucs\ Asæn SqdnÌns\ Ccbm¡p¶Xv
]pXnsbmcp {]iv\¯nsâ XpS¡amsW¶Xtà t\cv. Npcp¡¯n _µnbm¡epw X«ns¡mv
t]mIepw sIme\S¯epw \S¯n¡epw t_mw_nwKpw ]oV\hpsam¶pw {]iv\]cnlmcaÃ.
lrZb¯nsâ GtXm Hcp tImWnse {Iqc`mhs¯ ckn¸n¡msa ¶ÃmsX AXpsImsm¶pw t\Sm\mhnÃ.
GsXmcp Xn·bpw AXns\ hkvXpXm]cambn hnebncp¯n Xn·bmsW¶v t_m[ys¸«mÂ
\ncmIcn¡m³ auenIamb kzmX{´yw FÃmhÀ¡papv. \ap¡njvSanÃm¯Xv hÀPn¡p¶Xn\v
BÀ¡pw FXncv \n¡m\mhnÃ. A]cs\ D]tZin¡mt\ \ap¡hImiapÅq. B{inXsc¶ \nebnÂ
ISs¸«hcn \½psS IÀ¯hyw \ndthäpI. AÃm¯hcpsS Imcy¯n H¶pw ASnt¨Â¸n¡m³ \ap¡v
km[n¡pIbnÃ. HcpIq«mbvabpsS PohnX{Ia¯nsâ A¨S¡ioesa¶ \nebn \nÀt±in¡pIbpw
AXn\v hg§nbnsæn Iq«mbvabn \n¶v amän\nÀ¯pIbpw sN¿msa¶ÃmsX \nbaw
I¿nseSp¡m³ \aps¡´hImiamWpÅXv.
Ckvemansâ t]cn Xo{hhmZw
Ifn¡p¶hÀ C¡me¯v kaql¯nepv. ImcyImcW§fpsS ASnØm\¯n Hcp hniIe\amWv
apIfn \S¯nbXv. AXn \n¶v Xs¶ F´nsâ t]cnepÅ Xo{hhmZs¯bpw
XnckvIcnt¡Xnsâbpw FXnÀt¡Xnsâbpw BhiyIX t_m[ys¸Sp¶XmWv. Hcp
kmaqlyhn]¯v F¶Xnep]cn Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw t]cn sImmSs¸Sp¶
Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ hnfshSp¸pcoXn Ckvemansâ auenIXsbbpw BibkuIpamcy Xsbbpw
XakvIcn¡pIbmWv. kzmÀY·mÀ k¦pNnXXmXv]cy§Ä¡v thn Ckv emanI \nÀtZi§sf
kµÀ`¯n\\pkcn¨v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯hXcn¸n¡pIbmWv. kmlNcy, ]Ým¯e _Ôpcamb \nba\nÀt±i§sf
X§fpsS I¸nX kmlNcy§Äs¡m¸n¨p ]mIs¸Sp¯p¶ {]hWX BimkyaÃm¯XmWv. CXnsâ ^eambn
Ckvemansâ {]NcW {]t_m[\ cwK¯v HcpXcw {]XnkÔn cq]s¸«ncn¡pIbmWn¶v.
A{IaW¯nsâbpw sImehnfnbpsSbpw
aXambn Ckvemw sXän²cn¸n¡s¸SpIbmWv. Ckvemsa¶m `oIchmZsa¶ AÀY¯n ]cymbhXvIcWw
A´mcm jv{S hym]\w Xs¶ C¶v t\Snbn«pv. apkvenw \ma[mcnIÄ JpÀB\pw
lZokpap²cn¨v ZpÀhymJym\n¨v, Xm´m§fpsS e£y]qÀ¯oIcW¯n\v AWnIsf ]m
Is¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ ChsbÃmw `oIchXvIcn¡s¸SpIbmWv. Ckvemw hncp²Xbp sS CÔ\w t]dp¶
thZnIfpw hmÀ¯mam[ya§fpw Cu {]NmcWw \¶mbn B tLmjn¡pIbmWv.
A]Izamb GsX¦nepsamcp kw`h¯nsâ
t]cn ]nSnIqSp¶ Ad_n t]cpÅhÀ¡v _meyapmbncp¶p. _meyIme¯v apkvenwIÄ
aZvdkbn t]mImdpv. AXpsImv, aZvdkbn t]mbhÀ CXn {]XnbmbXn\mÂ
aZvdkIsfms¡ `oIchmZ tI{µ§sf¶v A¨p\nc¯m\pw tIfnsIm«m\pw ChnsSbmfpIfpv.
C¯csamcp ]ÝmXe¯n Xsâ BZÀi¯nsâ kpXmcyamb {]NmcW km[yX B{Kln¡p¶h³ AXn\v
klmbIamIp¶ \ne]mSpIfmsWSpt¡Xv. ChnsS asämcp A]ISw XnI¨pw auenI {][m\ambXpv.
AXmbXv kmapZmbnIhpw kmaqlyhpamb AXncpIS¶ Aht_m[w hfÀ¯p¶hÀs¡¶pw
BZÀiimenItfmSv AaÀjamWv. ImcWw BZÀi {]_p²X¡v AXntâXmb aXmßIhpw
B²ymßhpamb Nne ]cnI¸\Ifpv. AXv AhKWn¡mhXsöpw Bß\njvTm]camWsX¶pw
BZÀiimen a\Ênem¡p¶p. AXn\m Xs¶ Ahcn \n ¶v BZÀi{]_p²Xsb A\yw \nÀt¯Xmbn
hcp¶p. AXn\v BZÀi\ncmkw hfÀ¯n, F´pamImw, GXpamImw, F§s\bpamImw, F¶ \ne]mSv
Ckvemansâ ASnØm\ hnjb§fpsS Imcy§fn hcp¯n¯oÀ¡pw. kaImes¯ Xo{hhmZ]camb
\ne]mSpImcn \ap¡nXv {]ISambn ImWmhp¶XmWv. |