tUmfn H¶mas¯ t¢m¬ kkvX\n

tUmfnsb¶ sN½cnbmSmWv t¢mWn§neqsS P·saSp¯ H¶mas¯ kkvX\nbmb Pohn. kvtIm«veâpImc\mb tUm. Cbm³ hnÂap«v (Dr. IAN WILMUT) F¶ imkv{XPvR\mWv CXn\p P·w \ÂInbXv. tdmkven³ C³Ìnäyq«nembncp¶p At±l¯nsâ Kth jWw. At±lw Hcp sN½cnbmSnsâ AInSn \ns¶Sp¯ imcocnI tImi¯nse \yq¢nbkv asämcp sN½cnbmSnsâ \yq¢nbkv \o¡w sNbvX AÞt¯mSp kwtbmPn¸n¨p {`qWw hfÀ¯n. F¶n«v Cu {`qWw aq¶masXmcp sN½cnbmSnsâ KÀ`mib¯n \nt£]n¨p. A§s\ AXv tImisaSp¯ H¶mat¯Xnsâ X\n¸IÀ¸mb Hcp Ipªn s\ {]khn¨p. AXn\p "tUmfn'sb¶p t]cp \ÂIn.

hnÂap«v 277 AInSp tImi§sf A{Xbpw AÞ§tfmSp kwtbmPn¸n¨mWp ]co£Ww \S¯nbXv. F¶m Ahbn 29 F®w am{XamWp {`qWambn hfcm³ XpS§nbX.v Ahbn KÀ`]m{X¯n hfÀ¶tXm 13 F®w am{Xw; hnPbIcambn P·w sIm ­Xv Hcp tUmfn am{Xhpw. 277 {ia§fn H¶p am{Xta hnPbw hcn¨pÅqsh¶ÀYw. tImiZmXmhmb H¶mas¯ sN½cnbmSn\v Bdp hbÊp {]mbap­mbncp¶p. AXp sIm­v, Bdp hÀjw {]mbapÅ Hcp icoc tImiamWp tUmfnbmbn hfÀ¶sX¶p ]dbmw. tImiw \ÂInbXpw AÞw \ÂInbXpw A½bmbn {]hÀ¯n¨Xpw aq¶v C\¯n s]« BSpIfmbncp¶p. H¶mat¯Xv ^n³tUmÀ skäv C\¯nepw c­mat¯Xv t]mÄtUmÀ skäv C\¯nepw aq¶mat¯Xv kvtIm«njv »m¡vt^kv C\¯nepw s]« sN½cnbmSmbncp¶p. tImiZmXmhmb shfp¯ sN½cnbmSnsâ X\n¸IÀ¸mbncp¶p Idp¯ A½bn P\n¨ shfp¯ tUmfn.(1) 1996 Pqssebnembncp¶p tUmfnbpsS P\\w. 1997 s^{_phcn 23þ\mWv CXp kw_Ôamb dnt¸mÀ«p am[ya§Ä¡p \ÂInbXv.

tUmfnbpsS A´yw

tUmfnbpsS ]ndhn hnPbIcambncp¶psh¦nepw AXnsâ `mhnsb¡pdn¨p imkv{XÚ·mÀ¡p ]e Bi¦Ifpap­mbncp¶p. tUmfn¡p kzm`mhnI {]P\\w \S¯m\mhptam? tUmfn AIme hmÀ²Iy¯n\v Ccbmhptam? F¶nhbmbncp¶p Ahbn Gähpw {][m\s¸«h. F¶m 1998 G{]n 13 \p tUmfn, shbnÂknse Hcp aebmSn \n¶p KÀ`w [cn¨p, "t_mWn'sb¶ BtcmKyhm\mb B«n³ Ip«n¡p P·w \ÂInbt¸mÄ Cu c­mi¦Ifpw \o§nbXmbn {]Jym]n¡s¸«p.""tUmfnbpsS IpªmSv imkv{XtemI¯n\v A`nam\w''F¶mWp ]{Xw(2) Cu hmÀ¯ dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvXXv.

]t£ kIe ip`{]Xo£Isfbpw Imän¸d¯ns¡m­pÅ asämcp ZpxJhmÀ¯ bmWv ]n¶oSp tIÄ¡m\nSbmbXv. "tUmfn¡v A´yw t¢mWn§n\p Xncn¨Sn' F¶ ioÀjI¯n ]{Xw(3) dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvX {]kvXpX hmÀ¯ C§s\ hmbn¡mw: t¢mWn§neqsS ]nd¶ BZy kkvX\nbmb tUmfnsb¶ sN½cnbmSns\ KthjIÀ Bdmw hbÊn Zbmh[¯n\p hnt[bam¡n. t`Zam¡m³ Ignbm¯ izmktImitcmKw _m[n¨Xns\¯pSÀ¶mWv CXp th­n h¶sX¶p tUmfnsb krjvSn¨ tdmkven³ C³Ìnäyq«v Adnbn¨p. tUmfnbpsS hÀK¯nÂs]« ^n³tUmÀskäv sN½cnbmSpIÄ 12 hbÊphsc Pohn¨ncn¡pw. hmÀ²Iy¯n Ahbv¡p _m[n¡p¶ HcpXcw izmktImitcmKamWp tUmfnsb ]nSnIqSnbXv. tUmfn¡v AImehmÀ²Iyw _m[n¨ncp¶psh¶Xn\p sXfnhmbn ]ecpw C¡mcyw Nq­n¡m«p¶p.

t¢mWn§nsâ hym]\w

tUmfnbpsS Pbm]Pb§Ä F´p Xs¶bmbncp¶mepw, AXnsâ ]ndhn P\nXIimkv{X¯n hensbmcp hn¹h¯nsâ \mµnbmbn. IqSpX ]co£W§Ä \S¯nbm a\pjy\nepw t¢mWnMv hnPbn¡psa¶Xn\v AXp {]Xo£ \ÂIn. "C¶v BSv \msf CSb³' F¶ k¦Â]w ]pecpsa¶v "hnÂap«v'Xs¶ {]Xymi {]ISn¸n¨p. ]n¶oSp h¶ Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v Cu {]Xymi¡v B¡w Iq«p¶Xmbncp¶p: Atacn¡³ imkv{XÚ\mb tUm. tUm¬ hqÂ^nsâ t¢m¬ Ipc§pIÄ. ssPhimkv{X]cambn a\pjyt\mSv Gähpw A Sp¯p \n¡p¶  PohnbmWtÃm Ipc§³.

Ipc§p hÀK¯nse Nn¼m³kn (Chimpanzee) ¡p a\pjyt\mSv Gäw IqSpX kmZriyap­t{X. ]qÀ® hfÀ¨sb¯pt¼mÄ A©Sn Dbchpw Dcp­ apJhpap­mbn¯ocp¶ Nn¼m³kn, h\s¯ apgph³ apJcnXam¡p¶ i_vZ¯nsâ DSaIqSnbmWv.(4) ""98 iXam\w a\pjy DNA bpw Nn¼m³kn¡pc§ntâXpambn A\ymZriamb kmayaps­¶v'' Xncph\´]pcw cmPohv KmÔn skâÀ t^mÀ _tbmsSIvt\mfPnbnse imkv{XÚ³ tUm. tambn\mIv _m\ÀPn, tImgnt¡m«v Hcp skan\mdn {]kvXmhn¡pIbp­mbn (5). Npcp¡¯n a\pjyt\mSp hfsc kmZriyw ]peÀ¯pIbpw ]cnWma imkv{XÚÀ X§fpsS ap¯Ñ\mbn ImWpIbpw sN¿p¶ Ipc§n \S¯nb t¢mWnMv, AXp {`q WL«¯nembncp¶psh¦nepw, a\pjyt¢mWn§nsâ hnPb km[yXbnte¡p hnc Nq ­p¶Xmbncp¶p.

]n¶oSv, t¢m¬Fenbpw t¢m¬]q¨bpsaÃmw ]ndhnsIm­p. BZys¯ t¢m¬ Fen¡pªv 1997 HIvtSm_À aq¶n\p ]nd¶ "Ipapen\'bmsW¶pw Ipapen\bn \n¶v CtX coXnbn aq¶p XeapdIÄ IqSn P\n¨psh¶pw tIcfm `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v {]kn²oIcn¨ ]mc¼cyhpw t¢mWn§pw F¶ ]pkvXI¯n (6) tUm. _meIrjvW³ ]dbp¶p. F¶m {^m³knse "Pnt\mth' F¶ _tbmsSIvt\mfPn I¼\n P·w \ÂInb "dmÄ^v' BWv BZys¯ t¢m¬ Fensb¶p amXr`qan (7) dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿pIbp­mbn. A Xnsâ Npcp¡w C§s\ hmbn¡mw.

""BZys¯ t¢m¬ Fenbmb "dmÂ^v' F¶ Pohnsb t¢m¬ sNbvXXv {^m³knse ""sPt\mth'' F¶ _tbmsSIvt\mfPn I¼\nbmWv. imkv{X ]co£W§Ä¡mbn P\nXI ]co£Ww hgn P´p¡sfbpw tImi amXrIIsfbpw krjvSn¨p hnXcWw \S¯p¶ I¼\nbmWv "sPt\mth'. t¢mWn§neqsS FenIsf krjvSn¡m\mbXv imkv{X ]co£W§Ä¡p IqSpX klmbIamIpat{X. lrZbkw_Ôamb tcmK§Ä¡pw AÀ_pZw, {]talw,\mUnkw_Ôamb tcmK§Ä F¶nhbv¡pw IqSpX ^e{]Zamb Huj[§fp­m¡p¶Xn\pw CXp klmbn¡psa¶p KthjIÀ ]dbp¶p. aäp arK§sf t¢m¬ sN¿p¶Xnepw {]bmkamWt{X Fensb t¢m¬ sN¿p¶Xv''.(8)

CXmZyambn Hcp t¢m¬]q¨ ]nd¶Xv 2001 Unkw_À 22 \mbncp¶p. sSIvkmkv kÀÆIemimebv¡p IognepÅ "tImsfPv Hm^v shädn\dn saUnkn\n'se KthjIcmWv CXp hnPbn¸ns¨Sp¯Xv. kn.kn (Copy Cat) F¶mWv CXn¶hÀ \ÂInb t]À. BÃnsb¶ hmSIamXmhmWv kn.kn¡p P·w \ÂInbXv. "sdbn³t_m' F¶ ]q¨bmWv bYmÀY  amXmhv. amXmhnsâ X\n¸IÀ¸mWv C C F¶p P\nXI ]cntim[\bn sXfnªpsh¦nepw A½bpw Ip«nbpw \nd¯n H¶Ã. ]q¨IfpsS \ndw \nÝbn¡p¶Xv P\nXI LSI§Ä am{XaÃ, hfÀ¨m L«¯nse Nne LSI§Ä IqSnbmsW¶v KthjIÀ CXn\p Im cWambn]dbp¶p. t¢m¬ sNbvXp­m¡nb 87 {`qW§fn H¶p am{XamWv kmlNcy§sf AXnPohn¨p ]q¨¡p«nbmbn cq]s¸«Xv.(9)

A{]Imcw Xs¶ tUmfnbpsS ]ndhn¡p tijw B kt¦X¯neqsS \nch[n hfÀ¯p arK§Ä¡p temI¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fn KthjIÀ P·w \ÂIn. a\pjy\mhiyamb acp¶pIfpw t{]m«o\pIfpw DXv]mZn¸n¡m³ tijnbpffhbpw A¡q«¯nep­v.(10) I¶pImenIfnse BZys¯ t¢mWpIÄ c­v Atacn¡³ imkv{XÚÀ P³aw \ÂInb NmÀen, tPmÀPv, BÂ_À«v F¶o Imf¡p«nIfmWv.(11)

Source

(1) ]cnWma¯nsâ ]cnWmaw t]: 91, ]mc¼cyhpw t¢mWnwKpw t]: 126

(2) amXr`qan 25/4/98

(3) amXr`qan 16/2/2003

(4) imkv{X\nL­p t]:124

(5) amXr`qan

(6) t]:131     

(7) 27þ9þ2003

(8) amXr`qan Zn\]{Xw 27/9/ 2003

(9) amXr`qan Zn\]{Xw 16/2/2003

(10) amXr`qanþ16/2/2003

(11) ]mc¼cyhpw t¢mWn§pw t]:133