kbmaokv Cc«IÄ cphn[aptÃm.
{]XnkaXbpÅhbpw {]XnkaXbnÃm¯hbpw. {]XnkaXbnÃm¯hbn H¶v k¼qÀWhpw
kzX{´hpw cmat¯Xv A]qÀWhpw XnI¨pw H¶mat¯Xns\ B{ibn¨p Pohn¡p¶ ]mcsskäpambncn¡pw.
kzX{´icoc¯n \n¶v Cu ]mcsskäp`mKw ikv{X{Inb \S¯n \o¡w sN¿mtam? \o¡w
sN¿msa¶mWv imkv{XÚ·mcpsS A`n{]mbw (Encyclopaedia Britanica. Vol: IX.
P: 177).
F¶m aXZrjvSym CXv A\phZ\obamtWm?
kzX{´icoc¯nsâ A]IStam, hnjatam, sshcq]ytam \ot¡ Bhiy¯n\v Cu ]mcsskäp`mK§Ä
Nne \n_Ô\ItfmsS ikv{X{Inb sNbvXp \o¡mhp¶XmsW¶v icoc¯nse apg \o¡w sN¿p¶Xv
kw_Ôn¨p ^nJvlv {KÙ§Ä \S¯nb hniIe\¯n \n¶p {Kln¡mhp¶XmWv. km[yamb
Ggpcq]§fmWv AhnsS IÀaimkv{XÚ·mÀ ]dªn«pÅXv. Ahbn aq¶p cq]w A\phZ\obhpw
\mep cq]w A\\phZ\obhpamWv.
km[yamb Ggpcq]§Ä ChbmWv:
1. ikv{X{Inbbn A]ISapv,
sN¿msX \nÀ¯p¶Xn A]ISanÃ.
2. \nÀ¯p¶Xn A]ISapv. \o¡p¶XnÂ
A]ISanÃ.
3. \nÀ¯p¶Xnepw \o¡p¶Xnepw
A]ISanÃ, ]t£, \ot¡ BhiyanÃ.
4. cnepw A]ISanÃ, ]t£ \ot¡
Bhiyapv.
5. cnepw A]ISw XpeyamWv.
6. cnepw A]ISapv, F¶m \nÀ¯p¶XnemWv
IqSpXÂ A]ISw.
7. cnepw A]ISapv, F¶m \o¡p¶XnemWv
IqSpXÂ A]ISw.
H¶pw aq¶pw Ggpw cq]§fnemWv
ikv{X{Inb \njn²amIp¶Xv. aäp \mepcq]§fn A\phZ\obhpw. CXp {]mb]qÀ¯nbpw
_p²nbpapÅ kzX{´ hyànbpsS ImcyamWv. Ip«n, {`m´³ apXembhcpsS ikv{X{Inb
c£nXmhnsâ A\phmZt¯msS \S¯pIbmsW¦n A©mas¯ cq]¯n IqSn ikv{X{Inb
\njn²amIpw. an³lmPv t]Pv 177, Xplv^x 9: 193þ194, apKv\n 4: 200 þ201 F¶nhnS§fnÂ
\n¶v CXp a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. |