kv{Xo PpapA PamA¯v

]c]pcpj·mÀ kw_Ôn¡p¶ ]ÅnIfnte¡p PpapAx PamA¯pIÄ¡mbn kv {XoIÄ ]pds¸Sp¶Xp \njn²hpw CkvemanI hncp²hpamWv. Camw XJvbp±o\p±n aivJn (d) FgpXn:

""kv{XoIsf XSbWsa¶ Imcy¯nÂ, e£y§fpsS _mlymÀYw am{XapÄs¡m Åp¶hcpw icoA¯nsâ clky§Ä a\Ênem¡m³ am{Xw hnÚm\anÃm¯ hnUvVnIfpaÃmsX kwibn¡pIbnÃ. AXn\m Gäw icnbmbn«pÅXv kv{XocwK {]thiw ldmamsW¶v Dd¸n¨p ]dbepw A{]Imcw ^Xvh \ÂIepamWv'' (In^m bXp AJvbmÀ, 1/195).

C_v\plPÀ (d) FgpXp¶p: ""C¡me¯v kv{XoIÄ ]pds¸S ldmamsW¶v Dd ¸n¨p ]dbepw A§s\ ^Xvh sImSp¡epw \nÀ_ÔamIp¶p.''(^Xmh Ip_vd, 1/204).

Camw Abv\n (d) FgpXn: ""kv{XoIfpsS ]pd¯nd§Â ^nXv\¡p ImcWamWv. AXpaqew ldmw kw`hn¡pw. ldmante¡p Iq«p¶ FÃm Imcyhpw ldmam Ip¶p'' (DwZXpÂJmcn, 5/156).

lnPvdx A©mw \qäm­n Pohn¨ Camw AemD±o³ A_q_Idn_v\p akvDuZv (d) tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.

""PpapAxt¡m s]cp¶mÄ \nkvImc¯nt\m atäsX¦nepw \nkvImc§Ät¡m ]pd s¸Sm³ kv{XoIÄ¡v A\phmZansö Imcy¯n ]WvVnX·mÀ GtIm]n¨ncn ¡p¶p. ho«nencn¡Wsa¶ JpÀBsâ I¸\ ]pd¯pt]mIcpsX¶ \ntcm[w Iq SnbmWv. ImcWw, AhcpsS ]pd¯nd§Â ^nXv\¡v tlXphmWv. Hcp kwib hpanÃ. ^nXv\ ldmamWv. ldmante¡v tNÀ¡p¶ ]pds¸Sepw ldmw Xs¶bm Ip¶p'' (AÂ_ZmCDÊz\mCAv, 1/408).

""C¡me¯v kv{XoIÄ ]pds¸S ldmamsW¶v XoÀ¯p]db \nÀ_ÔamWv'' (XÀiolv, t]. 258)

JpÀB\pw kp¶¯pw ]Tn¨ ]WvVnX·mcpsS hm¡pIfmWnhnsS D²cn¨Xv. Chtc¡mÄ IqSpX Ckvemans\ a\Ênem¡nbhcmWv kv{XoIÄ cwK¯nd§ Wsa¶v hmZn¡p¶hÀ F¶v \mw IcpXp¶nÃ. hnip²JpÀB³ {]Jym]n¡p¶p:

""kXy\ntj[¯n\pw apkvenwIÄ¡nSbn `n¶n¸v krjvSn¡m³ th­nbpw ap¼p Xs¶ AÃmlphnt\mSpw Ahsâ ZqXt\mSpw bp²w sNbvXhÀ¡v Xmhfw D­m ¡ns¡mSp¡m³ th­nbpw Hcp t{Zml¸Ånbp­m¡nbhcpw AhcpsS (ap\m^n JpIfpsS) Iq«¯nep­v. R§Ä \ÃXÃmsX (Ckvzemlv) H¶pw Dt±in¨n«n söv AhÀ BWbn«p ]dbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. XoÀ¨bmbpw AhÀ IÅw ]d bpI Xs¶bmsW¶Xn\v AÃmlp km£yw hln¡p¶p. \_ntb, X§Ä Hcn ¡epw AXn (I]S·mcpsS ]ÅnbnÂ) \nkvIcn¡cpXv. BZy Znhkw apX¡p Xs¶ `ànbn Øm]n¡s¸« ]ÅnbmWv X§Ä¡p \nkvIcn¡m³ Gähpw _ Ôs¸«Xv. ip²n ssIhcn¡m³ CjvSs¸Sp¶ Nne ]pcpj·mÀ B ]Ånbnep­v. ip²n ssIhcn¡p¶hsc AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sp¶p'' (kqdx  Xu_, 108).

aZo\m {]thi\¯n\ptijw \_n (kz) \nÀan¨ ]Ån apkvenw sFIy¯nsâ {]XoIambn, apkvenwIfpsS tI{µhpw Bcm[\mebhpambn. Bcm[\mIÀa §Ä¡pw kwkvIcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw \_n (kz) t\cn«v t\XrXzw \ÂIp Ibpw sNbvXp. At¸mgmWv kam´c {]hÀ¯\§Ä Xes]m¡nbXv. Hcp ]Ånbn eqsSbmbncp¶p XpS¡w. apkvenwIsf `n¶n¸n¡m³ i{Xp¡Ä F¶pw kzoI cn¡p¶ ssienbmbncp¶p CXv. aZo\bnse I]ShnizmknIfmWv ]Ån\nÀan¨Xv. \nÀamWm\´cw DZvLmS\¯n\v AhÀ \_n (kz) sb £Wn¨p. At¸mgmWv I] S·mcpsS IpX{´§Ä hyàam¡ns¡m­v Xu_x kqd¯nse 108þmw kqàw AhXcn¨Xv. ]Ånbpambn _Ôs¸« Ckvemansâ \ne]mSv AÀY i¦¡nS \ÂIm¯ hn[w hyàam¡pIbmWv Cu kqà¯neqsS. I]ShnizmknIfpsS kam´c akvPnZn \nkvIcn¡cpsX¶v JpÀB³ {]hmNIsc D]tZin¨p. `n¶nt¸m inYneoIcWtam e£yam¡msX, XJvhbne[njvTnXambn \nÀanXamb akvPnZpIfmWv apkvenwIfpsS Bcm[\IÄ¡v Gähpw AÀlsa¶v AÃmlp {]Jym]n¨p. XpSÀ¶v AÃmlp hniZoIcn¡p¶p: ""XJvhbne[njvTnXamb ]Ån Ifn Bcm[\IÄ¡mbn F¯pI ]pcpj·mcmbncn¡pw.'' hn{ipXcmb JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡sfÃmw Cu kqà¯n\v \ÂIp¶ hniZoIcW¯n kv{Xo ]Ån{]this¯ JpÀB³ FXnÀ¡p¶psh¶p {]Jym]n¨n«p­v.

kqd¯p¶qdn AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlphnsâ \maw DbÀ¯s¸Sm\pw kvacn ¡s¸Sm\pw (AÃmlp) D¯chv \ÂInbn«pÅ Nne ]ÅnIÄ, Ahbn cmhnsebpw kÔym kab§fnepw Nne ]pcpj·mÀ AÃmlphns\ Bcm[n¨p sIm­ncp¶p. AÃmlphns\ kvacn¡p¶Xn \n¶pw \nkvImcw apdt]mse \nÀh ln¡p¶Xn \n¶pw I¨hStam {Ibhn{Ibtam AhcpsS {i² Xncn¨p hnSp¶nÃ. lrZb§fpw I®pIfpw ]nS¡p¶ Hcp Znhks¯ AhÀ `bs¸Sp¶p.''(A¶qÀ, 36, 37).

hnjbw IqSpX A\mhcWw sN¿s¸SpIbmWnhnsS.  s]mXpcwK {]thihpw ]c]pcpj k¼À¡w BhiyamIp¶ I¨hSw XpS§nbh kv{XoIÄ¡v Ckvemw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. ]pcpj·mÀ¡v hntcm[anÃXm\pw. CXpsIm­mWv ]Ånbpw Bcm[\bpw kw_Ôn¨v AhXcn¨ JpÀB³ kqà¯n _nkn\Êv IS¶p h¶Xv. kv{XoIÄ¡v A\phZn¡s¸Sm¯ {Ibhn{Ib§fmWnhnsS ]cmaÀin¡p ¶sX¶v JpÀB³ hymJym\§Ä hyàam¡p¶p. GXm\pw hymJym\§Ä {i²n ¡pI. Camw dmkn (d) FgpXp¶p:

""]Ånsb kw_Ôn¨ JpÀB³ kqà¯n ]pcpj·msc FSp¯p]dbm³ ImcWw kv{XoIÄ _nkn\tÊm ]Ånbnse PamAt¯m \St¯­hcsöXn\m emWv' (X^vkodpÂI_oÀ, 6/24). CkvamCu lnJvJn (d) hnsâ hniZoIcWw IqSpX hyàamWv. At±lw FgpXn: ""]Ånsb kw_Ôn¨ JpÀB³ kqà ¯n ]pcpj³ am{Xw ]cmaÀin¡s¸Sm³ ImcWw ]ÅnbnepÅ PamAt¯m PpapAtbm kv{XoIÄ¡v _m[IaÃm¯Xn\memIp¶p'' (dqlpÂ_bm³, 6/161).

""PpapA PamA¯pIÄ kv{XoIÄ¡v _m[IaÃm¯Xn\memWv ]Ånsb kw_ Ôn¨ ]cmaÀi¯n kv{XoIÄ Hgnhm¡s¸Sm³ ImcWw'' (X^vkodp afvlcn, 6/541).

C_v\pIkoÀ (d) FgpXn: ""kv{XoIÄ¡v ]Ånbnse PpapAx PamA¯pIfn ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xn ]pWyanÃ. ChÀ \nkvImcw ho«n sh¨p \nÀhln¡pIbmWv Gähpw {]Xn^emÀlw. CXmWv JpÀB\n ]pcpj·mÀ {]tXyIw FSp¯p]db s¸Sm³ ImcWw'' (X^vkodp C_v\pIkoÀ, hm. 3, t]. 284).

IqSpX ]T\¯n\v Xmsg ImWn¡p¶ {KÙ§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mw. kzmhn (3/141), X^vkodp ep_m_p¯Avho (5/65), ^pXqlmXp Cemln¿ (3/227), aBenap¯³ko (3/295), A±pÀdp a³kzqÀ (6/97), A _lvdp aploXzv (3/239), aZmcnIp¯³ko (3/173).

cnPmep³ F¶ Ad_n kwÚ¡v ]pcpj·mÀ F¶pXs¶bmWv Cu Bb¯p Ifn AÀYw \ÂtI­sX¶pw BfpIÄ F¶ s]mXphmb AÀYw \ÂIn¡q sS¶pw D²rX JpÀB³ hymJym\§fn \n¶v hyàamWv. (ChnsS am\y hmb\¡mÀ asämcp Imcyw IqSn a\Ênem¡p¶Xv sXän²cn¸n¡s¸Sen \n¶v apàamhm\p]Icn¡pw. AXmbXv ‘cnPmep³’ F¶ Ad_n kwÚ¡v BfpIÄ F¶ AÀYta ]dbm³ ]mSnÃt¶m atäsX¦nepw BbXntem lZokntem A{]Imcw AÀYanÃt¶m \mw AhImis¸Sp¶nÃ. adn¨v D±yX BbXn\p alm·mcmb ap^ÊndpIÄ \ÂInb AÀY IÂ]\ ]pcpj·mÀ F¶mIp¶p. CXp am{XamWv \mw kaÀYn¡p¶Xv. \mw apIfn ]dª ap^ÊndpIÄ ]dª AÀYw kzoIcn¡p¶p). kv{Xo ]Ån{]thiw ]pWyamsW¶mWv CXns\ A\pIqen¡p¶hÀ hmZn¡p¶Xv. F¶m kv{XoIÄ¡v ]Ånbn t]mbn Bcm[\ \S¯p¶Xn ]pWyaps­¶v ]dbpItbm AXn\mbn Ahsc t{]mÕmln¸n¡pItbm sN¿p¶ Hcp hmNIsa¦nepw {]hmNI³ ]dªn«nÃ. ]pcpj·mcpsS Imcyw hyXykvX amWv. ]Ånbnse¯m³ Xmakn¡p¶ ]pcpj·mÀs¡Xnsc \_n (kz) t£m` t¯msS kwkmcn¨n«p­v. C_v\p akvDuZv (d)  \n¶v Camw apkvenw (d) \nthZ\w sN¿p¶p:

""PpapAx¡v hcm³ Xmakn¡p¶ Hcp hn`mKs¯ kw_Ôn¨v \_n (kz) ]dªp. P\§Ä¡v Camambn \nkvIcn¡m³ BtcmsS¦nepw I¸n¨ tijw PpapAxbn \n¶v ]n·mdnb ]pcpj·mcpsS hoSpIÄ AhtcmsSm¸w I¯n¨p Ifbphm³ Rm³ hnNmcn¨pt]mbn'' (kzlolp apkvenw, 1/18).

A_qlpdbx (d) bn \n¶v \nthZ\w. \_n (kz) ]dªp: ""hoSpIfn kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpw CÃmbncp¶psh¦n Fsâ bphm¡tfmSv hoSpIÄ Icn¨p Ifbphm³ Rm³ I¸n¡pambncp¶p'' (kp\\p AlvaZv).

PamA¯n k¶nlnXcmIp¶Xn AekX ImWn¡p¶ ]pcpj·msc Xm¡oXp sN¿pIbmWv \_n (kz). kwLSnX \nkvImcw ]pcpj·mÀ¡v ]pWyapÅXmWv. Cu ]pWys¯ AhKWn¡p¶hÀs¡Xnsc AXnIÀi\ambn {]XnIcn¡p¶ {]hmNIÀ (kz) kv{XoIsf AXnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡p¶p. AhÀ ho«nepÅ ImcW ¯m ]pcpj·mÀ IqSn in£bn \n¶p c£s¸Sp¶Xmbn \mw ImWp¶p. \njv ]£ aXnIÄ¡p Imcyw {Kln¡m³ C{Xbpw aXn.

kv{XoIÄ hoSphn«p ]pd¯nd§p¶Xp \_n (kz) IÀi\ambn hne¡p¶p. C_v\p Jpsskax (d) C_v\p akvDuZv (d) hn \n¶p Xsâ kzloln D²cn¡p¶ lZokv ImWpI. \_n (kz) ]dªp:

""\nÝbw kv{Xo \áXbmWv. AhÄ ]pd¯nd§nbm ]nimNv Ahfn {]Xy£ s¸Spw. dºpambn AhÄ GähpaSp¡p¶ kabw, hoSnsâ A´À`mK¯mbncn¡p t¼mgmWv'' (kzlolp C_v\pJpsskax, 3/93). Camw Xz_vdm\n (d) D²cn¡p¶ lZokv IqSpX hyàamWv. D½pkeax (d) bn \n¶v \nthZ\w. \_n (kz) ]dªp: ""kv{XoIfpsS ]ÅnIfn Gähpw D¯aw AhcpsS hoSpIfpsS A´À `mKamIp¶p'' (aPvaDÊhmCZv, 2/35).

Gsd {]tXyIXIfpÅ aZo\m]Ånbn t]mepw kv{XoIsf \nkvIcn¡m³ \_n (kz) A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. A³kzmcnIfn {]apJ\mb A_vZpÃmln_v\p kpss_À (d) hn \n¶v \nthZ\w:

""A_qlpssaZnsâ `mcy \_n (kz) sb kao]n¨v ]dªp. AÃmlphnsâ ZqXtc, A§tbmsSm¸w \nkvIcn¡m³ Rm³ CjvSs¸Sp¶p. \_n (kz) ]dªp: \n\¡v Fsâ IqsS \nkvIcn¡m³ Xm¸cyaps­¶v Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶p. ]t£, Fsâ ]Ånbn \nkvIcn¡p¶Xntesd \n\¡v ]pWyw e`n¡pI \nsâ ho«pImÀ am{Xw \nkvIcn¡p¶ ]Ånbn AXv \nÀhln¡pt¼mgmWv. \o B ]Ånbn \nkvIcn¡p¶Xnep]cn ]pWyw \nsâ hoSnsâ GsX¦nepw `mK¯v \nkvIcn¨m e`n¡pw. \nsâ hoSnsâ Hcp \nÝnX apdnbn \nkvIcn¡p¶Xv CXntesd ]pWy Icambncn¡pw. FÃmän\pap]cn ]pWyw e`n¡pI \ntâXp am{Xamb, aämcpw IS ¶phcm³ km[yXbnÃm¯ apdnbn \nkvIcn¡pt¼mgmWv'' (kzlolp C_v\p  Jpsskax 3/95, apkv\Zv AlvaZv 6/371, apkz¶^p C_v\n A_ossi_, 2/385, DkqZp Km_x 5/578, Xz_vdm\n 25/168, aPvaDÊhmCZv 2/34, kzlolp C_v\n lnºm³ 3/488, AZpÀdp a³kqÀ 5/52)

]pWyw e`n¡m³ ]Ån{]thiw Bhiys¸« kzlm_n h\nXtbmSv \_n (kz) D]tZin¡p¶Xv ]pWyw t\SemWv e£ysa¦n \n§Ä¡v ]ÅnItf¡mÄ D¯aw hoSmsW¶mWv. Cu D]tZiw A£cw {]Xn am\n¡pIbmWv kzlm_o h\nXIÄ sNbvXXv. lZokv \nthZI³ XpSÀ¶v CXv hyàam¡p¶p.

""ho«n Hcp ]Ånbp­m¡m³ AhÀ \nÀt±in¨p. A§s\ hoSnsâ A´À `mK¯v Gähpw CcpÄapänb Øe¯v AhÀ¡pth­n akvPnZv \nÀan¡s¸«p. acWw hsc AhnsS sh¨mbncp¶p AhÀ \nkvIcn¨ncp¶Xv'' (apkv\Zv AlvaZv, 6/371).

C_v\p Aºmkn (d) Â\n¶v \nthZ\w. PpapAx Znhkw ]Ånbn \nkvIcn¡p ¶Xns\¡pdn¨v Hcp kv{Xo At\zjn¨p. hoSnsâ AI¯f¯nepÅ \nkvImcamWv atäXv Øe¯pÅ \nkvImcs¯¡mfpw \n\¡v t{ijvTambXv''(apkz¶^p C _v\p A_ossi_x, 2/384).