{kjvSmhn\pw
{kjvSn¡panSbn ad krjvSn¡p¶ Hcp hn{Klaà "hkoe'. {]XypX X¶nte¡v {kjvSmhv
Xs¶ Nqn¡mWn¨v X¶ hgnbmWXv. B hgnbpsS klmbhpw klIcWhpw CÃmsX {kjvSmhntes¡¯pI
Akm[yamWv. \nÀ_Ôhpw sFOnIhpamb apgph³ Bcm[\Ifpw B hkoebmWv. Xncp\_nbpw
kzlm_¯pw Xm_nDIfpw hnizmkn kaqlw apgph\pw AÃmlphnte¡pÅ
hkoebmWv. Cu hkoeIfpsS
klIcWhpw klmbhpanÃmsX AÃmlphnse ¯pIbnÃ. Bcm[\IÄ sNbvXXpsImv am{XambnÃ.
AXn\v BßmÀYXbpw km[pXbpw thWw. lrZbanÃm¯ A\pkcW§Ä AÃmlphnte¡pÅ hgnbnÂ
shfn¨w ]c¯pIbnÃ. AXn cnbmAv (temIam\yw) IeÀ¶n«ps¦n shfn¨¯n\v ]Icw
Ah Ccp«v Xp¸pw. Nnet¸mÄ hgnbnse Hcp `n¯nbmbn þ hn{Klambn þ AXv ]cnWan¡pw.
XSªv hogpw. cnbmCs\ Ipdn¨v inÀ¡p³ AkzvKÀ F¶ {]hmNI {]tbmKw ChnsS {]kàamWv.
Bcm[\IÄ Ahs\Xnsc km£n ]dbpw. ImcWw, Bcm[\IÄ Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv icoc§fpsS
tKmjvTnIfÃ, \njvIf¦amb lrZb§fmWv. Bcm[\IÄ¡v lrZbw sImSp¯m AÃmlphn\v
sImSp¡m³ lrZbapmIptam F¶v bpànhmZn tNmZn¡pw. alm·amsc Iq«n¸nSn¨mÂ
AÃmlphnsâ Øm\w IpdbntÃsb¶ bpànhnNmcw
Cu bpànhmZt¯¡mÄ {]kàaÃ.
Bcm[\IÄ \njvIf¦sa¦n Ah ap³\nÀ¯nbpÅ
tNmZyw AÃmlp X«pIbnÃ. Xsâ `uXnI PohnX¯nte¡pw B shfn¨w Xncn¨Sn¡pw. Bcm[\IÄ
hkoebm¡n AÃmlphnt\mSv {]mÀYn¨t¸mÄ AXnsâ shfn¨w Kplbnte¡v IS¶Xpw
KplmapJs¯ AS¨ ]md \o§nbXpw aqhÀkwLw c£s¸«Xpw Xncp\_n (kz) hnhcn¨v X¶Xv
{]_eamb lZokpIfnepv. (Bcm[\IfpsS ssI]nSn¨v AhÀ AÃmlphnsâ ASp¡te¡v
t]mbn. \njvIf¦amb B Bcm[\IfpsS in]mÀi AÃmlp tI«p. Hä¡v h¶m t]mtc
F¶v tNmZn¨v AÃmlp Ahsc hnc«nbnÃ.)
Bcm[\IÄ t]mseXs¶ hkoebmWv
CkvemanI NnÓ§fpw. JpÀB³, IAv_x, lPdp AkvhZv, kwkw, ]Ån, lpPvdxico^,
a¡, A¼nbm¡Ä, Huenbm¡Ä FÃmw AÃmlphnsâ NnÓ§fmWv. AÃmlphnte¡pÅ hgnIfnse
{]ImitKm]pc§fmWv. Ahsb AhKWn¨psImv ]S¨h\nse¯pI km[yaÃ. AhtcmSpÅ kao]\¯n
\\pkcn¨v Ahcn \n¶v e`n¡p¶ {]Imi¯n amä§fpv. lrZbanÃmsX \nba]camb Nne
tKmjvTnIÄ sImv am{Xw Bcm[\IÄ shfn¨w hnXdpIbnÃ. AXpt]mse a\Êv
AIän¸nSn¨v sImv ]«mfNn«tbmsS Cu NnÓ§fnÂ/ NnÓ§tfmSv kaÀ¸n¡s¸Sp¶ A\pkcW§Ä¡pw
hW¡§Ä¡pw shfn¨w XcnÃ. lPdp AkvhZn apJaaÀ¯pt¼mÄ ssk\nI ta[mhnsb
ImWpt¼mÄ IogptZymKس kaÀ¸n¡p¶ hSnshm¯ lrZbanÃm¯ Hcp keyq«v IWs¡ AXv
hnebncp¯ s¸«pIqSm. {]XypX ]S¨h³ ]Xn¨v \ÂInb hnip²nbpw \qämpIfpsS
KZvKZ§fpw hnizmk \nizmk§fpw Gäphm§nb Hcp ]hn{Xamb IÃns\ Npw_n¡pIbmsW¶
AhmNyamb A\p`qXn AXv ]Icp¶pv. AÃmlp Xs¶ ]Tn¸n¨ Aht\mSpÅ `àymZc§fmWXv.
B hnizmkhpw hnImchpw Ahs\ \bn¡pt¼mÄ AXh\v AÃmlphnte¡pÅ hgnbn shfn¨w
hnXdp¶p. \msf B IÃv Ah\v thn in]mÀi ]dbp¶p. ]t£, At¸mtg¡pw AÃmlp ]nW
§nt¸mIptam F¶v `bs¸« bpànhmZw hfÀ¶v hnIkn¨m lPdp AkvhZns\ "inÀ¡³ IÃv'
F¶v hnfn¡p¶nSw hscsb¯pw. B IÃv am{Xaà Ah³ \nkvIcn¨, k¡À½§Ä A\pjvTn¨
apgph³ CS§fpw ]ÅnIfpw A§s\Xs¶. JpÀBs\ Hcp D]IcWambn ImWpIbpw ]pkvXIw
hmbn¡p¶ emLht¯msS hmbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶h\v B JpÀB³ F§s\ hkoebmbn \n¶v
sImSp¡pw ? JpÀB\pambn lrZb_Ôw ]peÀ¯pIbpw ip²ntbmSv IqsS am{Xw AXv
kv]Àin¡pIbpw hnip²hpw DbÀ¶Xpamb Øe¯v AXns\ sh¡pIbpw I®ocv IeÀ¶v AXv
HmXpIbpw (hmbn¡pIbÃ) tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ ]mc¼cy hnizmknIÄ FhnsS? BZchns\
Bcm[\mbmbn sXän²cn¨v JpÀB³ ]qPItcm inem]qPItcm BIptam F¶v `b¶v _lpam\§fnÃmsX
lÖns\bpw JpÀB\ns\bpw IAv_sbbpw inebpsSbpw ]pkvXI¯nsâbpw t£{X¯nsâbpw
hnXm\¯nte¡v Xmgv¯nb ]cnjvImcnIsfhnsS?
AÃmlphnsâ NnÓ§fnÂs¸« asämcp
NnÓamWv A¼nbm¡fpw Huenbm¡fpw. Ahcpw hkoebmWv. AhcpsSbpw klIcW§fnÃmsX
AÃmlphns\ {]m]n¡phm³ km[n¡pIbnÃ. AhcpsS I¸\IÄ hymIcWsXäpIfnÃmsX A\pkcn¨Xv
sImv am{XambnÃ. a\Ênsâ IhmSw AhÀ¡v Xpd¶p sImSp¡m³ hnimeX thWw. Xncp\_nsb
lrZbw \ndªv kvt\ln¡m¯h\v B \_nbpsS I¸\IÄ A\pkcn¡p¶ps¦n AXv I]Samb
Hcp A\pkcWamWv. lrZbw apgph\pw \_n¡v sImSp¯m AÃmlphn\v ]ns¶ F´v
sImSp¡psa¶mWv k¦pNnX XuloZv hmZnIÄ AS¡n¸nSn¨v tNmZn¡p¶Xv. \_nsb hnfn¡p¶Xns\
A¿¸s\ hnfn¡p¶Xnt\mSv kaoIcn¨hÀ A§s\ Nn´n¡mXncn¡m³ \nÀhmlanÃ. A¿¸\v ]IpXn
lrZbw sImSp¡pt¼mÄ AÃmlphn\v AhnsS CSw \jvSs¸Spw t]mse, \_nsb
hnfn¡pt¼mgpw AXv \jvSs¸Sntà F¶mWv bpànhmZw. ]t£, Cu bpànhmZ¯n cv
A]IS§Ä ]Xnbncn¸pv. H¶v: \_nsb hnfn¡p¶h³ AÃmlphns\ Xs¶bmWv hnfn¡p¶Xv,
F¶m A¿¸s\ hnfn¡p¶h\v A¿¸s\ Xs¶bmWv hnfn¡p¶Xv F¶ Xncn¨dnbmbva. (A§s\
hcpt¼mÄ lrZbw apgph³ \_n¡v sImSp¯hÀ AÃmlphn\v sImSp¡m³ thsd lrZbw
XnctbnhcnÃ.) . cv: ]IpXn A¿¸\v sImSp¯m asä ]IpXnbpw AÃmlphn\v \jvSs¸«p
F¶v Xncn¨dnbmbva, AXvsImmWv em¯sbbpw DÊsbbpw Hs¡ hnfn¨n«pw Ip«nIfps¶v
hmZn¨n«psams¡ a¡mapKvcn¡pIÄ AÃmlphn hnizkn¨hcmsW¶pw ]IpXn
aphlvlnZpIfmsW¶pw tIcf¯nse kp¶nItf¡mÄ t`ZamsW¶pw bpànhmZnIÄ¡v [cnt¡n
h¶Xv. A`uXnI Imcy§Ä ]S¨hsâ Ignhnsâ ]cn[nbnepw `uXnI Imcy§Ä krjvSnIfpsS
Ignhmbpw XcwXncn¡m\pÅ ImcWhpw asäm¶Ã. FÃmw AÃmlphnsâ IgnhmsW¶pw,
Nmbbpw tNmdpw sNcn¸psams¡ tNmZnt¡Xv AÃmlphnt\mSmsW¶pÅ
]mc¼cyhnizmknIfpsS hmZ¯nsâ s]mcpÄ FÃmw kwhmZ§Ä¡v tijhpw bpànhmZ¯n\v
XncnbmsX t]mbXv asäm¶psImpaÃ. \ap¡v Ignbm¯XmWv þ A`uXnI Imcy§fmWv þ ]S¨ht\mSv
tNmZnt¡sX¶pw AXv ssiJnt\mSv tNmZn¨m XuloZn\v ]pd¯v t]msb¶papÅ ^ntemk^nbpw
Dcphw sImXv Cu Xncn¨dnbmbvabn \n¶mWv.
Npcp¡¯nÂ, I¯v In«nb tijw
t]mÌvams\ AhKWn¡pw hn[w, Huenbm¡fpw A¼nbm¡fpw F¶ hkoesb AhKWn¨v
XÅnbhÀ¡v B "hkoe' IÄ {]`]c¯pIbnÃ. adn¨v Ahbpambn iàamb lrZb_Ôw ]peÀ¯Ww.
AXv BZchnsâbpw kvt\l¯nsâbpw kvacWbpsS cq]¯n ]pdt¯¡v {]hln¡Ww. At¸mÄ
AhcpsS Xncpt\m«w Xncn¨p e`n¡pw. B t\m«w AÃmlp ]mgm¡pIbnÃ. AXmWv Xncp\_n
]dªXv: "Bsc¦nepw Fs¶ kvt\ln¨m Ah³ Ft¶msSm¸w kzÀ¤¯nembncn¡pw.' Cu
NnÓ§sf BZcn¡pIbpw _lpam\n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ NneÀ sNmÃn]Tn¸n¨t]mse,
AÃmlphns\ \ap¡v \jvSs¸SpIbà e`n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. AXv AÃmlp Xs¶
ØncoIcn¨n«pv:
Bsc¦nepw AÃmlphnsâ NnÓ§sf
BZcn¨m AXv lrZb§fpsS `ànbn \n¶v DdhsbSp¡p¶XmWv (JpÀB³). ]t£,
Xo{hhmZw Nnet¸mÄ AÃmlphnt\bpw \ymbw ]Tn¸n¡pw.
Bcm[\Ifpw AssPhhpw ssPhhpamb
AÃmlphnsâ NnÓ§fpw hkoeIfmWv. lrZbw \ÂIn Ahsb Iq«n¸nSn¡msX AÃmlphnse¯pI
Akm[yamsW¶pw a\Ênem¡nbmÂ, AÃmlphnt\mSv {]mÀYn¡pt¼mÄ am{Xw AhcpsS
ssIhnSWsa¶ hmZw hyÀYamsW¶v sXfnbpw. Bcm[\IfpsSbpw AÃmlphnsâ
NnÓ§fpsSbpw ssI]nSn¨v AÃmlphnt\mSv Cc¶ Ht«sd kw`h§Ä¡v Ncn{Xw km£nbmWv.
sXfnhpIÄ apJmapJw
h¶p\n¡pt¼mÄ Bcm[\IÄ sImv XhÊp BImsa¶v k½Xn¡p¶hÀ hyànIfpsS Imcy¯nÂ
hopw iTn¡pI Xs¶bmWv.
Hm, kXyhnizmknItf, AÃmlphns\
kq£n¡pI. Ah¦te¡v "hkoe' tXSphn³" (amCZ:35) F¶ Bb¯v hniZoIcn¨v CkvambnÂ
lnJn (d) ]dbp¶Xn§s\:
AdnbpI. hkoesb tXSphm³ hyàamb
`mjbn Cu Bb¯v I¸n¡p¶p. AÃmlphntes¡¯pI hkoesb¡qSmsX km[yaÃ. lJoJ¯nsâ
]WvVnXcpw XzcoJ¯nsâ ssiJpamcpamWv B hkoe (dqlp _bm³ 2/388). ssiJv
XpScp¶p.: GsXmcp {]mÀY\bpsSbpw AÃmlphnsâbpw CSbn Hcp adbpv. \_n (kz)
bpsS ta kzem¯v sNmÃp¶tXmsS B ad Dbcpw. ZpB AÃmlphn¦se¯pIbpw sN¿pw.
kzemXv sNbvXnsæn ZpB Xncn¨phcpw. \_n (kz) \½psSbpw AÃmlphnsâbpw
CSbnepÅ a[yhÀ¯n (hkoe) bmWv F¶XmWv AXnsâ ImcWw.
{]mÀYn¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v hkoesb
apt¼m«v shbvt¡Xv BhiyamWv. AÃmlp ]dª tÃm: "\n§Ä AÃmlphnte¡v hkoe
tXSphn³, a\pjy]nXmhmb BZw (A) Xs¶ Xsâ {]mÀY\bpw ]Ým¯m]hpw kzoIcn¡m³
CcptemI§fpsSbpw t\Xmhmb apl½Zv \_n (kz) sb XhÊp sNbvXtÃm. (dqlp _bm³
7/230)
kqà¯nse hkoesb¶Xv sImv hnh£nXw
Bcm[\ Xs¶bmsW¶pw C¯Jq
F¶v ]dªXv t]mcmªn«v hkoesb tXSq F¶pIqSn Xd¸n¨v ]dªXmsW¶pw AXn\mÂ
kqà¯n alm·msc Ipdn¨v kqN\ t]mepansöpw A§s\ hymJym\n¨ ]WvVnXsc ]cn]qÀ®ambpw
amän \nÀ¯n Xo{hhmZn bpànhmZw \S¯mdpv.
Bcm[\IÄ sImpÅ XhÊpen\v Bßmhv
thWsa¦n AXv CJvemkzpÅ Xmbncn¡Ww. AXpt]mse alm·msc sImpÅ XhÊpen\v
Poh³ thWsa¦n AhtbmSpÅ B hyànbpsS kao]\hpw BZchpw _lpam\hpw \ndªncn¡Ww.
BZcn¡m \pw _lpam\n¡m\pw kzbw sNdpXmhm\pw Ignbp¶h³ am{Xta alm·msc XhÊpÂ
sN¿m³ sa\s¡Sq.
At¸mÄ bYmÀY¯n Ah³ XhÊp sN¿p¶Xv
AhtcmSpÅ kvt\lt¯bpw BZchnt\bpw ap³ \nÀ¯nbmWv. Gähpw AXyp¯aamb Bcm[\
AÃmlphnsâ amÀ¤¯n kvt\ln¡emsW¶mWv Xncp\_n (kz) ]Tn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. \_n (kz)
]dªp.: "AÃmlphn\p
thn kvt\ln¡p¶Xpw Ah\p thn shdp¡p¶Xpat{X Gähpw t{ijvTamb Bcm[\'
(A_qZmhqZv 4591).
At¸mÄ \_n (kz) sb ap³\nÀ¯n
XhÊp sN¿p¶h³ Gähpw ]pWyamb Bcm[\ sImmWv XhÊp sN¿p¶Xv. Bcm[\ sImpÅ
XhÊp JpÀB³ ]¨bn IÂ]n¨Xpat{X.
CXmWv XhÊpÂ. CkvemanI
X¯zimkv{X¯nsâ auenI kn²m´§tfmSv AXv \qdp iXam\hpw s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶p.
CkvemanI kwkv¡mchpambn AXv H«n\n¡p¶pv. CkvemanI {]amW§fn AXn\v
hyàamb ]n³_eapv. F¶n«pw, AÃmlphnte¡pÅ hgnbn shfn¨w hnXdpIbpw Ahs\
ImWn¨p XcnIbpw sN¿p¶ Cu aXmNmcs¯ Ahsâbpw ASnabpsSbpw CSbn adbnSp¶
hn{Klmcm[\tbmSv NneÀ kaoIcn¡p¶p. AÃmlphnt\mSv {]mÀYn¡pt¼mÄ \_nbpsS
t]cv ]dªXnsâ t]cn hnizmknsb inÀ¡nsâ t_mw_pIÄ sImsdnªv CkvemanIamb
Ahsâ kzXzw kaqlat²y ]n¨nNo´p¶p. ZnIvdpw kzem¯pw XIv_odpw \ndsªmgpIp¶
a\ÊpIsf \_nbpsS t]cv ]dªXnsâ t]cn A_qPlvent\mSp kaoIcn¡p¶ `oIcXsb
F´v hnfn¡Ww? PohnXImew apgph³ ZnIvdpw kzem¯pw aueoZpw dm¯o_pambn Ignª
kzmXznI\mb Hcp ]nXmhv acWs¸Spt¼mÄ B ]nXmhn\p thn H¶p {]mÀYn¡m³ t]mepw
A\phZn¡m¯ k¦pNnXamb XuloZv, hnizmkn a\ÊpIfn hntZzj§Ä Irjn sNbvsXSp¡m³
km{amPyXzw s\bvsXSp¯ KqVamb ]²Xnbsöv \msa§s\ i¦n¡mXncn¡pw? hn{Kls¯
Bcm[n¨ Bkdnt\mSv Xncp\_nsb kvt\ln¨ hnip²nsb XmcXayw sN¿p¶ IpSneXsb F´v
hntijn¸n¡Ww?.
at\m`mhhpw kao]\ coXnbpamWv
{]Xyb imkv{X§sf hyXykvXhpw GIhpam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶Xv. aJv_d hn{Kl¯n\pw hen¿v
A¿¸\pw kaamsW¦nÂ, t£{Xw ]Ån ¡pw, KwKmPew kwk¯n\pw ine lPdp AkvhZn\pw
Imin a¡¡pw, KoX JpÀB\pw kaamImXncn¡m³ {]tXyIn¨v \ymbsam¶panÃ. H¶v
shfn¨hpw asäm¶v Ccp«pamIp¶Xv at\m`mh§fnepÅ amäw sImmWv. cq]¯nepw
tIme¯nepw FÃmw Hcpt]msebmsW¦nepw at\m`mh¯nepÅ hyXymkw hyàamWv.
apkvenwIÄ AhcpsS NnÓ§sf BZcn¡pIbmWv, Bcm[n¡pIbÃ. AapkvenwIÄ BZchn\¸pdw
Ahsb Bcm[n¡pIbmWv. AhcXv Xpd¶v ]dbpIbpw sNbvXn«pv. henb X{¼m\ntes¡¯m\pÅ
sN¸Sn hnZy.
R§fhsb Bcm[n¡p¶Xv AhÀ R§sf
AÃmlphnte¡v ASp¸n¡m³ thn am{XamWv'
(kpaÀ 3).
kXy\ntj[nIfpsS ZpÀ_eamb \ymboIcW§fnÂ
]nSn¨pXq§n hnizmkntemI¯n\p t\sc Ip^vdm{IaWw \S¯p¶ Xo{hhmZnIfpsS \bw
apkvenapIfpsS F®w IpdªpImWm³ B{Kln¡p¶ ]ÝmXy³ `oIcXbpsS asämcp ]Xn¸mbn
hymJym\n¡mt\ Ignbp¶pÅq. |