B[p\nI imkv{X¯nsâ ]pXnb
Is¯epIÄ hnip² JpÀB³ 1400 hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼p {]Jym]n¨ ]e Imcy§sfbpw icnh¨p
sImncn¡pIbmWv. tIcf `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v 1999þ {]kn²oIcn¨ "]mc¼cyhpw t¢mWn§pw'
F¶ ]pkvXI¯n tUm. _meIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p. ""{]XypXv]mZ\¯nsâbpw hfÀ¨bpsSbpw
s]mXpcoXn FÃmhÀ¡pw Adnhpv. ]t£, ssewKnI {]XypÂ]mZ\¯n kv{Xo¡pw ]pcpj\pw
Xpey ]¦ps¶ Imcyw hfsc¡mew imkv{XÚ·mÀ¡p t]mepw AdnbnÃmbncp¶p'' .(4)
F¶mÂ
ASp¯Imew hsc, a\pjykrjvSn ]pcpj _oP¯n \n¶p am{XamsW¶mbncp¶p imkv{X \nKa\w.
JpÀB³ 1,400 hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼pXs¶ kv{Xo¡pw ]pcpj\pw iniphnsâ aqetImi¯n ]¦ps¶p
]Tn¸n¡pIbpmbn.(5) ]pcpjsâbpw kv{XobpsSbpw _oPmÞ§fpsS k¦e\ ^eambpmIp¶
knàmÞ¯n \n¶mWp inip P\n¡p¶sX¶ ]pXnb imkv{X kXys¯ t\cs¯Xs¶ A\mhcWw
sNbvXpsImv hnip² JpÀB³ ]dªp: ""\nÝbambpw a\pjys\ \mw "\pXzv^Xp³
AwimPn'Â \n¶v, Ahs\ ]co£n¡phm\mbn, krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p. A§s\ Ahs\ \mw
tIÄhnbpÅh\pw ImgvNbpÅh\pam¡nbncn¡p¶p''.(1) F´mWp \pXzv^Xp³ AwimPv? ]pcpjsâ
_oPhpw kv{XobpsS AÞhpw kwKan¨p k½n{iamIp¶ {Zhy¯n\mWp \pXzv^Xp³ AwimPv
F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. hn{ipX JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fmb CIvcna, apPmlnZv, lk³, d_oAv
XpS§nbhÀ \evInb AÀYamWnXv.(2) Cu JpÀB³ hmIy¯nsâ Bibw IqSpXÂ hyàam¡p¶XmWp
Xmsg ]dbp¶ lZokp kw`hw: Hcn¡Â Hcp PqX³ {]hmNIcpsS kao]¯neqsS \S¡pIbpmbn.
Xncpta\n Xsâ injy·mtcmSp kwkmcn¡pIbmbncp¶p. At¸mÄ JpssdinIÄ ]dªp: tl
PqXm, Cu a\pjy³ {]hmNI\msW¶p hmZn¡p¶p. At¸mÄ PqX³ ]dªp: ""F¦n Hcp {]hmNI\ÃmsX
aämÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡m¯ Hcp Imcys¯¡pdn¨p Rm³ At±lt¯mSp tNmZn¡pw''.
A\´cw PqX³ h¶p {]hmNIcpsS Nmc¯ncp¶v C{]Imcw tNmZn¨p: Hm apl½Zv, a\pjy³
F´n\m krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶p? ""PqXm, cn \n¶pw Ah³ krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶p. ]pcpjtImi¯nÂ
\n¶pw kv{XotImi¯n \n¶pw''.(3)
a\pjyIpe¯n Hcp t¢mWnMv inip
]nd¶psh¶Xv Ckveman\v Hcn¡epw shÃphnfnbmIp¶nÃ. Ckvemansâ GsX¦nepsamcp
hnizmk {]amW¯nt\m AwKoIrX XXz¯nt\m AXp bmsXmcp hn[¯nepw shÃphnfn
krjvSn¡p¶nÃ. {]XypX hnip² JpÀB\nse Nne {]kvXmh\IÄ¡v AXv
Dt]mÂ_eIamhpIbmWp sN¿p¶Xv. kv{Xo ]pcpjkwKatam _oPmÞ k¦e\tam IqSmsX a\pjy
krjvSn \S¯pIsb¶Xv Akw`hyasöv BZw \_n (A) sâbpw Cukm \_n (A) sâbpw P\\kw`hw
Nqn¡mWn¨p sImp JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶p.
""AÃmlphn¦Â CukmbpsS
(krjvSnIÀ½¯nsâ) \ne]mSv BZantâXp t]msebmWv. BZans\ a®n \n¶h³
cq]s¸Sp¯n. F¶n«v DmIq F¶v At±lt¯mSp ]dªp. At¸mÄ At±laXm DmIp¶p''.(1)
BZna a\pjy\mb BZw \_n (A) s\
AÃmlp ]nXmhpw amXmhpanÃmsX krjvSn¨t¸mÄ Cukm \_n (A) s\ Ah³ ]nXmhnÃmsXbmWp
krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. CXp {]]© {kjvSmhp \S¯nb t¢mWn§msW¶p thWsa¦n ]dbmw.
a®n \n¶v BZans\ krjvSn¨ ]cnWma {]P\\s¯ Be¦mcnIambn am{Xw \ap¡p t¢mWnMv
F¶p ]dbmw. F¶m aÀban \n¶v Cukm (A) AhÀ Isf krjvSn¨tXm? hn`P\ {]P\\hpw
apIpf\hpsams¡ t¢mWn§n s]Sp¯msa¦n CXpw Hcp t¢mWnMv Xs¶bmsW¶p ]dbmatÃm.
C\n JpÀB\nse asämcp t¢mWnMv ]dbmw.
BZw \_n (A) sâ icoc¯n \n¶v Hcp `mKsaSp¯p {]Ya kv{Xobpw ZznXob a\pjy\pamb
lÆm (A) sb AÃmlp krjvSn¨p. ]p\cpÂ]¯nbpw ImbnI {]P\\hpsams¡ t¢mWn§nsâ
C\§fn s]Sp¯msa¦n CXpw Hcp t¢mWn§msW¶ Imcyw hfsc hyàw. CXns\¡pdn¨p
hnip² JpÀB³ C{]ImcamWp ]dªn«pÅXv:
""a\pjytc, Hcp hyànbn \n¶p \n§sf
krjvSn¡pIbpw AXn \n¶pXs¶ AXnsâ CWsb krjvSn¡pIbpw Ahcncphcn \n¶pambn
[mcmfw ]pcpj·mscbpw kv {XoIsfbpw hym]n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX \n§fpsS c£nXmhns\
\n§Ä kq£n¡pI.''(2)
BZw (A) sâ hmcnsbÃn \n¶mWv
Cu t¢mWnMv \S¯nbXv. thZ\bdnbmXncn¡m³ At±ls¯ XZhkcw AÃmlp Dd¡n¡nS¯nbncp¶p.(1)
kv{Xo Hcp hmcnsbÃn \n¶p krjvSn¡s¸«p F¶ {]hmNIcpsS {]kvXmh\ _pJmcnbpw
apkvenapw (2) D²cn¨n«pv. ]t£, a\pjycpsS t¢mWn§nsâ sshIrX§tfm \yq\XItfm
{kjvSmhnsâ t¢mWn§nenÃ. Camw dmkn (d) ]dbp¶p: kIe a\pjyscbpw Hcp a\pjy\nÂ
\n¶p krjvSn¡pIsb¶Xp Ignhnsâ anIhn\p Gäw henb sXfnhmIp¶p. ImcWw, C¡mcyw
tIhew {]IrXn aqeambncp¶psh¦n Hcp a\pjy\n \n¶pmb kIecpw BIrXnbnepw
{]IrXnbnepw ]ckv]c kZriÀ am{Xamtbt\. a\pjy hyànIfn shfp¯h³, Idp¯h³,
Nph¶h³, Xhn«p \ndapÅh³, kpµc³, hncq]n, ZoÀLImb³, {lkzImb³ F¶n§s\
sshhn[yw ImWphm³ \ap¡p km[yambt¸mÄ AhcpsS {kjvSmhpw \nb´mhpw kzX{´\mb
Hcp {]hÀ¯I\mWv, bm{´nI \nan¯tam {]IrXn iàntbm Aà F¶p \ap¡p a\Ênem¡m³
km[n¨p. At¸mÄ Ah³ kÀÆ ià\pw kÀÆÚ\pamsW¶p h¶p. F¦n Ahsâ \nba§sfbpw
hn[nhne¡pIsfbpw A\pkcn¡Â A\nhmcyamsW¶pw h¶p.(3)
C\n \S¡m\ncn¡p¶ AÛpXIcamb
asämcp t¢mWn§ns\¡pdn¨p hnip² JpÀB³ {]kvXmhn¨n«pv. a®n \n¶v BhnÀ`hn¨
a\pjy³ acn¨p a®Snª tijw, `qanbn Ahtijn¡p¶ Ahsâ Hcp icoc tImi¯n \n¶v
Ah\p ]p\ÀP·w \ÂIpIbmWv {]kvXpX t¢mWnMv. hnip² JpÀB³ ]ebnS§fnembn
{]]©\w sNbvX Cu `hnjy kw`h¯nsâ kw{Klw Cu hmIy¯n hmbn¡mw:
""`qanbn \n¶mWp \n§sf \mw
krjvSn¨Xv. AXnte¡p Xs¶ \n§sf \mw aS¡p¶p. AXn \n¶p Xs¶ asämcp {]mhiyw
\n§sf \mw ]pd¯p sImphcnIbpw sN¿pw''.(4)
kky_oP§Ä A\pIqekmlNcyw
e`n¡pt¼mÄ apf¨p s]m§p¶Xp t]mse acn¨p a®Snª a\pjy³ Ahsâ tImSn¡W¡n\p
skÃpIfn \n¶v AÃmlp Ahtijn¸n¨ {]tXyIamb Hcp kq£va tImi¯n \n¶p ]p\ÀP·
kab¯v DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â¡p¶p.
hfsc¡pdª Xm]s¯t¸mseXs¶ hfsc
hÀ²n¨ Xm]hpw hn¯p apfbv¡p¶Xn\p {]mXnIqeyw krjvSn¡p¶p. CuÀ¸¯nsâ A`mh¯nÂ
\njv{Inbambn¡nS¡p¶ hn¯v shÅw e`n¡pt¼mÄ apf¨p s]m§pIbmbn. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:
""`qan hcp \nÀPohambn¡nS¡p¶Xmbn«p
Xm¦Ä¡p ImWmw. F¶m AXn \mw shÅw hÀjn¨m AXp ]pfIw sImÅpIbpw
hnIkn¡pIbpw IuXpIapÅ FÃmbn\w sNSnIsfbpw DXv]mZn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p''.(1)
BcmWnhnsS _oPs¯ apf¸n¡p¶Xv? kÀÆià\mb AÃmlp Xs¶. tNX\ hkvXphn \n¶v
AtNX\ hkvXpshbpw AtNX\ hkvXphn \n¶v tNX\ hkvXpshbpw DXv]mZn¸n¡phm³
IgnhpÅ {kjvSmhv.
""[m\y _oP§sfbpw
Cu¯¸ghn¯pIsfbpw ]nfÀ¡p¶h\mIp¶p AÃmlp, \nÝbw. \nÀPohambXn \n¶p Poh\pÅXns\
Ah³ ]pd¯psImphcp¶p. Poh\pÅXn \n¶p \nÀPohambXns\bpw ]pd¯p sImp hcp¶h\mWh³.
F¶ncns¡, F§s\bmWp \n§Ä hgnsXän¡s¸Sp¶Xv''.(2)
C{]Imcw Xs¶bmWv a\pjysâ ]p\ÀP·¯nsâbpw
IY. icoc¯nse injvSamb kq£vatImiw At\I kl{km_vZ§Ä `qanbn Ahtijn¡p¶p.
]n¶oSp ]p\cp°m\ kab¯v Hcp t\À¯ ag hÀjn¡p¶p. AtXmsS {]kvXpX tImiw hfcm³
XpS§p¶p. ]p\cp°m\¯n\pÅ Blzm\w, AÃmlphnsâ IÂ ]\ {]Imcw Ckvdm^oÂ
AsselnÊemw \S¯pt¼mÄ a\pjy³ DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â¡p¶p. \_n (kz) ]dbp¶p:
""kzqdn H¶mas¯ {]Jym]\s¯¯pSÀ¶v
kIeP\§fpw acn¨p Ignªm AÃmlp Hcp t\À¯ ag hÀjn¸n¡p¶p. AXpaqew a\pjy
icoc§Ä apfbv¡pIbmbn. ]n¶oSp kzqdn asämcp {]Jym]\hpw IqSn DmIp¶p
At¸mÄ AhcXm Fgpt¶äp I®pangn¨p t\m¡p¶p''.(1) hnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:
""AÃmlphnsâ A\p{Kl¯nsâ ^e§Ä
t\m¡pI. `qan \nÀPohambn¡gnªXn\p tijw F§s\bmWv AXns\ Ah³ kPoham¡p¶Xv?
AXp sN¿p¶h³ acn¨hsc Pohn¸n¡p¶h³ Xs¶, \nÝbw. Ah³ FÃmän\pw Ignhpä almià\t{X''.(2)
At\Imbncw kwhÕc§Ä \njv{Inbambn¡nS¶
Hcp tImiw ]n¶oSp kPohambn DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â¡p¶Xv C¶p imkv{XZrjvSym hnZqcaÃ.
_oP§Ä¡pw hn¯pIÄ¡pw {]XnIqe kmlNcy§sf At\I kwhÕc§Ä XcWw sN¿phm\pw ]n¶oSv
A\pIqe kmlNcyw e`n¡pt¼mÄ apf¨p hcphm\pw km[n¡pw. kÀÆmwKoIrXamb Cu
imkv{Xob kXyw {_n«m\n¡m kÀÆ hnÚm\ tImiw C{]Imcw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p:(There
are seeds and spores that remain, so far as is known, perfectly
dormant and totally without metabolic activity at low temperatures for
hundreds, perhaps thousands of years).(3)
Adnbs¸«X\pkcn¨v, ]qÀ®ambpw \n{ZmhØ ]qpw ]cnWma {]hÀ¯\§Ä XoscbnÃmsXbpw
hfsc¡pdª Xm]mhØbn \qämpItfmfw, Hcpthf kl{km_vZ§tfmfw Xs¶ Ahtijn¡p¶
hn¯pIfpw _oP§fpapv.(4)
P\nXIimkv{X¯nsâ BKaw Cu
]p\cp°m\ XXzs¯ Ipd¨p IqSn imkv{X kt¦X¯n h¨pXs¶ hyàam¡n¯cp¶p. a\pjy³
acn¨p a®SªXn\p tijw Ahsâ Hcp kq£va `mKw Ahtijn¡psa¶v ]dªphtÃm. AXnÂ
\n¶mWp ]n¶oSv Ahsâ ]p\ÀP·hpw ]p\xkwLmS\hpw DmIp¶Xv. \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p:
""a\pjyicoc¯n \n¶v Hcp
AØn`mKsamgn¨p aäpÅsXÃmw \in¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. B \in¡m¯ `mKw "DPv_p±\_v'
BIp¶p. AXn \n¶mWv A´yZn\w krjvSn ]p\xkwLmS\w \S¯s¸Sp¶Xv''.(1) F´mWv
DPv_p±\_v, AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNItc? F¶p tNmZn¡s¸«p. AhnSp¶p ]dªp: ""AsXmcp
ISpIp aWnt]mepÅ `mKamWv''.(2) \s«Ãnsâ ASn`mK¯pÅ AXnkq£vaamb AØn `mKamWv
CXv. \m¡menIfpsS hm¡pänbpsS Øm\¯mWXncn¡p¶Xv.(3)
Hcp _oP tImi¯n \n¶v Hcp
hr£s¯ DÂ]mZn¸n¡p¶Xp t]msebpw knàmÞw F¶ GI tImi¯n \n¶v Hcp a\pjys\
krjvSn¡p¶Xp t]msebpamWv CsX¶p ]dbmw. B[p\nI imkv{X¯nsâ t¢mWnMv
kt¦X¯nte¡p Ibdn Hcp icoc tImi¯n \n¶v Hcp a\pjys\ t¢m¬ sN¿p¶ {]{InbbmWv
F¶pw ]dbmhp¶XmWv. CX]cy´w ]dªXnsâ Dt±iyw ssewKnI tImi§fpsS k¦e\anÃmsX
Hcp inip ]n d¡pIsb¶Xv hnip² JpÀB\nt\m AXp {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶ ssZh
hnizmk¯nt\m aX¯nt\m shÃphnfnbmIp¶nà F¶XmWv. F¶m t¢mWnMv A\phZ\obamtWm
AtÃ? t¢mWnMv a\pjy\p, am\pjnI \nba§Ä _m[IamtWm AtÃ?
t¢mWn§pw
IÀ½imkv{Xhpw F¶ ioÀjIw ImWpI.(^nJvlv) |