]m£nI§Ä IY]dbp¶p

Ct¸mÄ \_nZn\w sIm­mS A\mNmcamsW¶pw inÀ¡msW¶pw dkqÂ(kz) sâ t]cn Hcp bmko³ HmXnbm Im^ndmbnt¸mIpsa¶pw aäpw t\m«okpIÄ, {]kwK§Ä, {]kn²oIcW§Ä hgnbpw {]Ncn¸n¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ D¸Xnjv Wp¡fpsS ]gb t\Xm¡fmb auehnamÀ \_nZn\w sIm­mS apkvenwIfpsS ISabmsW¶p {]Ncn¸n¨hcpw auenZv HmXn¨p A¶Zm\w \ÂInbhcpw Bbncp ¶psh¶p C¶s¯ Ip«nIÄ¡v AdnbpIbnÃ. AXn\m B Iq«cpsS ]gb {]kn²oIcW§fn \n¶pw AÂ]w Nne D²cWnIÄ Xmsg tNÀ¡mw.

1951 Unkw_À 12 d_oD AÆ 12\v tIcf \Zvh¯p apPmlnZosâ P\d sk{I«dn F.sI. A_vZp eXzo^v auehn sNbvX tdUntbm {]kwKw AÂa\mdn {]kn²oIcn¨Xnsâ BZy`mKw.

"]Xn\mep iXm_vZ§Ä¡p ap¼v temI¯nse P\§sfÃmw AÛpXt¯msS ho £n¨psIm­ncp¶ Hckm[mcW iniphnsâ P·Zn\amWv C¶v temIw sIm­mSp¶Xv' (AÂa\mÀ ]pkvXIw:2 e¡w 19þþ20 P\phcn 1952).

A¡me¯p \Zvh¯nsâ P\d sk{I«dn t]mepw amkhpw Znhkhpw IW¡m¡n \_nZn\w sIm­mSpIbpw temIw apgph³ sIm­mSp¶Xmbn k½Xn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶psh¶v kv]jvSambtÃm. \_nZn\w sIm­mS tIcf¯n am{XtabpÅq F¶v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶hÀ  ChcpsS  {]apJ t\Xmhv C.sI. auehn A CÀimZn FgpXnbncp¶ teJ\¯nse Nne hcnIÄ IqSn {i²n¡pI.

""d_oD AÆ Bcw`w apX dkqÂ(kz)bpsS auenZv sIm­mSpI F¶ k{¼Zmbw aivcnJv apX aKvcn_v hsc \S¶phcp¶ H¶mWtÃm. apkvenwIÄ Xmakn¨p hcp¶ GsX¦nepw Hcp cmPy¯v Cu BNmcw Csöp ]dbphm³ km[n¡bnÃ'' (A CÀimZv 1343 d_oD AÆÂ, C.sI. auehn). ho­pw C.sI. auehn AÂapÀinZn FgpXnbXv IqSn hmbn¡pI.

""\_n(kz)temI¯n\v sNbvXpsImSp¯n«pÅ A\p{Kl§Ä Fs´ms¡bmsW¶v \mw temIs¯ Adnbn¨p sImSp¡Ww. AXmWv \½psS NpaXe. F¶m Ipd¨p Imew ap¼p hsc B almßmhnsâ amlmßys¯ Adnbphm\pw ]Tn¡phm\papÅ bmsXmcp amÀKhpw aebmf¯n D­mbncp¶nÃ. d_oD AÆ amkw hcpt¼mÄ auenZv `wKnbmbn Ign¡p¶ k{¼Zmbw \½psS CSbn D­mbncp¶psh¦nepw AXv Ad_n `mjbn Bbncp¶XpsIm­v ]db¯¡ ^esam¶pw D­mbncp¶nÃ, F¶m CS¡me¯v Nne Øe§fn AÀYw ]dªpsIm­v auenZv HmXm³ XpS§nbn«p­v. A[nI Øe§fnepw s]mXptbmK§Ä IqSn \_nbpsS amlmßys¯¡pdn¨v {]kwK§Ä \S¯nhcp¶p­v. CsXÃmw Gsd¡psd kt´mjIcw Xs¶'' (A apÀinZv ]pkvXIw:1, e¡w:5).

F¶m AÂapÀinZv, AÂCÀimZv XpS§nb ]gb {]kn²oIcW§sfm¶pw C¶s¯ auehnamÀ I­ncn¡bnÃ. AhsbÃmw I­ncp¶psh¦n CubSp¯ Ime¯v Cd§nb i_m_v hmcnIbn Xmsg sImSp¯ {]Imcw FgpXpambncp¶nÃ.

""............... Ad_nbn HmXnbm a\ÊnemhnsöXn\m aebmf¯n inÀ¡³ auenZv Ign¡Wsa¶v apPmlnZpIfmcpw ]dªn«nÃ, ]dbpIbpanÃ. AkXy§Ä FgpXn Bib¡pg¸§Ä krjvSn¡p¶Xp ]mWvVnXyw AhImis¸Sp¶hÀ¡v tbmPn¨XÃ'' (i_m_v 1994 BKÌv 26 shÅn, ]pkvXIw 18, e¡w 1). CXns\´mWv ]p¯³ IqäpImÀ adp]Sn ]dbpI. C.sI. auehn apPmlnZà hlm_n Bbncp¶psh¶mbncn¡ptam?

sFIykwL¯nsâ auenZv

"Cu kµÀ`¯n c­p sImÃambn apkvenw sFIykwL¯nsâ B`napJy¯n \S¯nhcmdpÅ auenZmtLmjw Cu {]mhiyhpw d_oD AÆ 12þþmw XobXn `wKnbmbn IgnªpIqSn F¶pÅ hnhcw R§Ä kt´mj]qÀÆw Adnbn¨psImÅp¶p. GdnbmSp temhÀ sk¡âdn kvIqfn sh¨v sIm­mSs¸« kpZn\¯n IqSnb hnZymÀYn kt½f\¯nepw almtbmK¯nepw \_n(kz)bpsS P\\w, _meyw, aX{]NcWw, kz`mh sshinjvSyw F¶n§s\ \_nNcn{X¯nse {][m\s¸« `mK§sfbpw Ipdn¨p aebmf¯n Hmtcm am\y·mÀ {]kwKn¨p. AÀYw Adnbm¯ Ipsd Ad_n hmIy§Ä hmbn¡msX auenZv icns¸SpIbnsöp iTn¡p¶hÀ¡v \ockw tXm¶mXncn¡¯¡h®w Ad_nbn auenZv HmXm\pw Ipsd kabw hn\ntbmKn¡mXncp¶nÃ. tbmK¯n kw_Ôn¨hÀ¡pw AÃm¯hÀ¡pw Hcp hncp¶p \ÂIpIbp­mbn' (A CÀimZv 1343 d_oD AÆÂ).

auenZv inÀ¡msW¶p ]dbp¶ AÂ]w Nne Xo{hhmZnIÄ A¶pw D­mbncp¶ncn¡Ww. AXpsIm­mWtÃm NneÀ ]s¦Sp¡mXncp¶Xpw. F¶m Ahcpw kZybn ]s¦Sp¯psh¶mWtÃm dnt¸mÀ«n ImWp¶Xv. im]mSv inÀ¡n\XoXamWv.

C\n tIcf PwC¿¯p DeabpsS aJ]{Xambncp¶ AÂapÀinZnse Nne hcnIÄ ImWpI.

""...............auenZnsâ ]pWykZÊn ]s¦Sp¡phm³ Xu^oJv e`n¨hÀ `mKyhm·mcmWv. ta ]dª kwKXnIÄ {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ H¶mWtÃm auenZnsâ aPvenkv. Cu Imcy§Ä km[n¡p¶ Hcp kZÊv Hcp ]pWykZÊv Xs¶bmWv. Cu kZÊn auenZn (auenZnsâ kZÊnÂ) Zo\nbmb kzlolmb Zo³ Adnbp¶ Benao§Ä [mcmfw IqSnbncn¡Ww. apkvenwIfn Zo\n¿mb ssNX\yw A¦pcn¸n¡Ww'' (AÂapÀinZv ]pkvXIw.4, e¡w.1).

sI.Fw. auehn ]dªXp {i²n¡pI.

""...............AXn\m apl½Zv \_nsb AÃmlp `qPmX\m¡n temIs¯ A\p{Kln¨n«pÅ Cu amk¯n \_nbpsS ZAvh¯p (ktµiw) {]Ncn¸n¡pI hgnbmbn \msaÃmhcpw AÃmlpXBem¡v ipIvdv sN¿Ww. AXn\mbn tZi§Ä tXmdpw auenZv tbmK§Ä IqSn AXn \m\mPmXn aXØscbpw kt½fn¸n¨p AhÀs¡Ãmw \_nbpsS ZAvh¯v X_veoKv sN¿pI F¶ ISasb \mw \nÀhln¡pIbpw Cu kpZn\¯nepw daZm³ amk¯nepw FÃm tZi¯nepw X_veoKv ^­v tiJcn¡pIbpw thWw'' (AÂapÀinZv ]p.1, e¡w.5).

ISa F¶m ""^Àfv'' F¶mWtÃm. CXn \n¶pw _nZCu {]Øm\¡mcpsS ]gb Ime t\Xm¡Ä \_nZn\w sIm­mS ^ÀfmsW¶p ]dªhcmbncp¶p F¶p hyàambtÃm.

C\n amkw IW¡m¡n sIm­mSp¶Xns\ ]änbmWv NneÀ¡v Bt£]w. AXn\p ]gb t\Xm¡fnsemcmfmb C.sI. auehn ]dbp¶ adp]Sn ImWpI.

"...............am\h temI¯nsâ sFlnIhpw ]mc{XnIhpamb kÀhhn[ ku`mKy¯n\papÅ amÀK§sf sh«ns¯fnbn¨p X¶ B ]pWymßmhv i^oD\m apl½Zv(kz) Xsâ kv]Àiw sIm­p Cu `qansb A\p{Kln¨n«pÅXp CXpt]mepÅ Hcp d_oD AÆ amk¯n BbXpsIm­pXs¶' (AÂapÀinZv 3/9 C.sI. auehn ta hcnIfnse "i^oD\m' F¶Xnsâ AÀYw \ap¡p th­n in]mÀi sN¿p¶hÀ F¶mWtÃm? F¶m C¶s¯ ]p¯\mib¡mÀ B {]tbmKhpw inÀ¡msW¶p ]dbp¶hcmWv). ho­pw AÂapÀinZn Xs¶ ]dbp¶Xp ImWpI.

""...............C§s\bpÅ al aX¯nsâ {]t_m[\¯nsâ {]PmXÂ]c\mb `cWm[nImcn, Zo\Zbmephmb {]`p, DÂIrjvS ]cnioeI\mb D¯aKpcp, ssZhktµihmln P\n¨ amkamWv d_oD AÆÂ. AXn\m B amks¯ apkvenw temIw BIam\w sIm­mSp¶p. temIw apgph\pw sIm­mtS­XpamWv. Cu sIm­m«w ]e \à Imcy§fpw km[n¸n¡p¶p­v. Xncpta\ntbmSpÅ kvt\ls¯ a\pjy lrZb§fn Du ¶n¸nSn¸n¡p¶p. At±l¯nsâ k¨cnX§sfbpw kÂkz`mh §sfbpw kvacn¸n¡p¶Xn\p hgnsh¡p¶p. Ah P\§Ä¡p hnhcn¨p sImSp¡p¶Xn\p Ahkcw \ÂIp¶p. Ckvemw Zo\nsâ {]NcW¯n\p]Icn¡p¶p. apkvenwIfn sFIyhpw kwLS\bpw ]ckv]c kvt\lhpw hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xn\pw AXv DXIp¶p.

 ""...............\_nsb amXrIbm¡n \_nbpsS Ncysb ]T\w sNbvXp AXns\ XpSÀ¶p {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ AÃmlphns\bpw Ahkm\s¯ Znhks¯bpw ]än t]SnbpÅhcpw ]S¨hs\ A[nIambn hnNmcapÅhcpamWv. C¯c¡mÀ auenZv tbmK§fn h¶ptNcpIbpw \_nNcyIsf tI«p a\Ênem¡n {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. A¶p apkvenw temIw H¶mbn sIm­mSp¶ auenZv tbmK§fn \_nbpsS icnbmb \S]Sn{Iaw hniZambn ]dªpsImSp¡pIbpw A§bpsS kz`mh§Ä hnhcn¡pw sN¿pw. \_nsb ]n´pScphm\pÅ DXvt_m[\§Ä \S¡pw. kZÊn \_ntbmSpÅ t{]aw hfÀ¯pw. \_nbpsS A\pbmbnIfmb kzlm_¯nsâ aX\njvS, `àn apXembh hnhcn¡pw. AhnsS IqSnbncn¡p¶hcpsS \mhpIsfsbÃmw kzem¯v sNmÃp¶Xn\p t{]cn¸n¡pw. AÃmlphnsâ kvt\lw IcØam¡phm³ ]cym]vX§fmb D]tZi§Ä \S¡pw'' (AÂapÀinZv ]pkvXIw 4, e¡w 1).
 

ho­pw AÂa\mdn ]dbp¶Xp {i²n¡pI

""ktlmZc§sf! temIm\p{Klnbmb apl½Zv(kz)bpsS P·Zn\amb Cu d_oD AÆ 12 DZbKncn apX AkvXabKncn hscbpÅ apkvenwIÄ BËmZw sIm­mSpIbpw B hµy alm\p`mhsâ k¨cnX§sf ]pckvIcn¨p kvXpXn IoÀ¯\w ]mSpIbpw sN¿p¶p. X§Ä Pohs\¡mÄ kvt\ln¡p¶ B temssII amÀKZÀinbpsS t\sc At±l¯nsâ P·Zn\¯n iàn _lpam\§Ä AhÀ {]ISn¸n¡p¶ps­¦n AXn BÝcys¸Sphm\nÃ. AXp kzm`mhnIamWv'' (AÂa\mÀ ]pkvXIw 1, e¡w 17).

F¶m ]p¯\mib¡mcpsS hmZw dkqÂ(kz)sâ t]cn Hcp bmko³ HmXnbm t]mepw Ah³ Im^ndmbnt¸mIpsa¶mWv. {]KÛ apPmlnZp t\Xmhmb sI. DaÀ auehn kÂk_oen FgpXnbXp ImWpI.

""dkqÂ(kz)sâ t]cn Hcp bmko³ HmXpI F¶psh¨m \ap¡p dkqensâ s]m cp¯w In«m³ bmko³ HmXpI F¶mWtÃm. bmko³ Hcp C_mZ¯mWv. AÃmlp AÃm¯hcpsS s]mcp¯¯n\p th­n C_mZs¯Sp¯m Im^ndmIpw F¶p BÀ ¡mWdnªpIqSm¯Xv. AÃmlp AÃm¯hÀ F¶p ]dªXp Bcmbncp¶mepw hy XymkanÃ'' (kÂk_o ]pkvXIw 3, e¡w 3, t]Pv 20).

apkvenw temIw apgph\pw \ncmt£]w sNbvXp hcp¶ Hcp ]pWyIÀ½s¯ inÀ¡pw Ip^vdpambn ap{ZbSn¡p¶Xn\v  C¡q«À¡v bmsXmcp aSnbpanÃ. F¶mÂ, ss^kz cmPmhv shSntbäp acn¨ tijw AbmÄ¡p th­n ^mXnlx HmXnbXmbn dm_nXz¯p Bean CkvemanbpsS ]{Xw dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvXncp¶p. F¶m A¶p kuZn Kh¬saân \n¶pw i¼fw ]äns¡m­ncp¶ sI. DaÀ auehn DÄs¸sS Hcmfpw AXns\  FXnÀ¯p I­nÃ. dm_nXzbpsS ]{X¯n h¶Xnsâ {][m\ `mKw Xmsg tNÀ¡mw.

""hJ^ÊpAamD h JmZ¯p Bean Ckveman ^o _nZmb¯n PÂkXn ZpsshJX³. Xeu Jnemelm kqd¯Â ^mXnl¯n Xdlvlpa³ Aem dqln iloZn aKv^qcn elq PemeXn aenIv ss^kzÂ'' (AJv_mdp Bean Ckveman, e¡w 914, lnPvd 1401).

AÀYw: CkvemanI temI¯nsâ t\Xm¡fpw \mbI·mcpw tbmK¯n Ipd¨p kabw Fgpt¶äp \n¶p. AXn\nSbn almcmPmhpw càkm£nbpamb ss^kzensâ Bßim´n¡mbn AhÀ ^mXnlx kqd¯p HmXn.

F¶m ChcpsS ]gbIme t\Xm¡Ä¡v C¯csamc`n{]mbap­mbncp¶nÃ. sI.Fw. auehn AÂapÀinZn FgpXnbXv t\m¡pI. (Asænepw \mgnI¡p \m ¸Xp h«w amdp¶XmWtÃm ChcpsS A`n{]mb§Ä)

""AssÈJv aplvbp±o³ A_vZp JmZnÀ Poem\n(d)X§fpsS t]cn ZnIvdv sNm ÃpI F¶psh¨m At±l¯n\p ZnIvdnsâ khm_v({]Xn^ew) e`n¡phm³ \n¿¯p sNbvXpsIm­p ZnIvdv sNmÃpI F¶mWtÃm AÀYw'' (AÂapÀinZv, ]pkvXIw 2, t]Pv 471).

{]hmNIXncpta\n km[mcW a\pjy\pw ]m]nbpamsW¶v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xnepw {]hmNIsc CIgv¯n¡mWn¡p¶Xnepw ChcpsS ]m£nI§fpw {]kwK§fpw A\Â]amb ]¦v hln¨n«p­v. “AÃmlphn\p hgns¸Sp¶ hnjb¯n dkq (kz)t]mepw hogvN hcp¯n”sb¶v DaÀ auehn 1971, kÂk_oen FgpXnbn «p­v (]pkvXIw 4, e¡w 8, BKÌv).  ssZhamsW¶v sXäv[cn¡mXncn¡m³ AÃm lp a\¸qÀÆw sXäv sN¿n¡psa¶v auZqZnbpw FgpXIbp­mbn.

""AÃmlp XBem IcpXn¡q«n FÃm {]hmNI·mcn \n¶pw Nne kab§fn Ahsâ kwc£Ww DbÀ¯nbpw sIm­pw H¶pw c­pw Ipä§Ä sN¿n¡p¶p. F´ns\¶m Ahsc {kjvSmhv F¶p a\Ênem¡mXncn¡m\pw, Ahcpw a\pjycmsW¶p {Kln¡phm\pw th­n'' (X^vloamXv hmeyw 2, t]Pv 43).

C¯c¯nepÅ Fgp¯pw {]kwK§fpamWv Ckvemansâ i{Xp¡Ä¡v {]tNmZ \ambXpw {]hmNIs\ Ahtlfn¡p¶ ImÀ«qWpIfpw aäpw {]kn²oIcn¡m³ CSbm¡nbXpw. AXn\m C¯c¡mcpsS sIWnhebn IpSp§nt¸mImXncn ¡m³ {]hmNI kvt\lnIÄ _²{i²cmIWw.. AÃmlp \s½ \_n Xncpta\n tbmsSm¸w kzÀK¯n {]thin¸n¡pamdmhs«, Bao³.

END