Hcp
e£w t]scm¯p IqSpt¼mÄ e£Wsam¯h³ Ht¶m ctm F¶mWtÃm sNmÃv. F¶m e£W§Ä H¯p
tNcpt¼mÄ e£Wsam¯hcmsWÃmcpw F¶XmWv {]hmNIsâ injy·mcpsS khntijX. Aaqey
KpW§fpÄsImÅp¶ {]iwkmÀlcmb A\h[n t\Xm¡sfbpw al¯p¡sfbpw Ncn{X¯nÂ
Is¯m\mhpw.
]t£, XZvKpW§Ä a\knte¡mhmln¨ hensbmcp kwkvIrX kaqls¯ hfÀ¯n¡mWn¨hÀ
Ncn{X¯ntesdbnÃ. {]hmNI Xncpta\n (kz) bmIs«, AhnSps¯ apgph³ A\pbmbnIsfbpw
]qÀ®ambpw kwkvIcn¡pIbpw alXz§fpsS sImSpapSnbnte¡p B\bn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
Hcp hnip²\m krjvSn¡s¸« At\Iw hnip²cmWv kzlm_nIÄ. ]mWvVnXyw, hnip²n,
[À½w, hn¹hw XpS§nb alZv KpW§fn \qdpta\n hnfbn¨ Hcp Xeapd. A[ymß {]`mh¯nsâ
\ndhnip²n ssIhcn¨hÀ.
GsXmcp
kzlm_nsbIpdn¨pw IqSpXÂ ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ At±lw A]qÀÆambn am{Xw P\n¡p¶ Hcp temI
Po\nbÊmsW¶v t_m[ys¸Spw. AXpey hyànXz§fpsS AXy]qÀÆ kwKaw. FÃmhÀ¡pw XnIª
]mWvVnXyw, \ndª kq£vaX. Xo{hamb A\p`h§Ä. t\XrKpW§Ä kt½fn¨ A\pbmbn hrµw.
Hcp
Xeapdbn AXy]qÀÆambn P\n¡p¶ alm]pcpj·mcpsS alZv [À½amWv Hmtcm kzlm _nhcy\pw
Imgv¨sh¨Xv. CXnlmk§fpsS sI«S§m¯ hÀ®¸q¯ncnIÄ.kzlm_nIfpsS Xnf¡apÅ
hyànXz§sf AÃmlp Xs¶ ]co£n¨n«pÅXmWv. ""XJvh¡p thn lrZb§sf AÃmlp ]co£n¨n«pÅhcmWhÀ''
(hn: Jp 49/3) ]co£ ka{Khpw ZpjvIchpambncp¶p, hnizmkw, BßmÀYX, XymKw,
kaÀ¸Ww FÃmw ]co£n¡s¸«p. GXm\pw hN\§Ä {i²n¡pI: ""XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw \n§sf
]co£n¡p¶pv. A§s\ \n§fnse [À½ t]mcmfnI sfbpw £amep¡sfbpw \mw a\knem¡p¶pv.
\n§fpsS hntij§sfbpw \mw ]co£W hnt[bam¡p¶pvv.'' (hn:Jp 47/31) ""hnPb¯nsâ
Zn\§Ä \mw P\§Ä¡nSbn amdnamdn \ÂIp¶p. bYmÀY hnizmknIsf Ah³ Adnbp¶Xn\pw
\n§fn càkm£nIsf krjvSn¡p¶Xn\pw thnbmWnXv. AÃmlp AXn{IanIsf CjvSs¸Sp¶nÃ.
kXyhnizmknIsf ]co£n¡p¶Xn\pw kXy \ntj[nIsf hn]mS\w sN¿p¶Xn\pw thn. (A\mbmkw)
kzÀ¤¯n {]thin¡msa¶pw \n§fn [À½bÚw \S¯p¶hscbpw £amep¡sfbpw AÃmlp
Adnªn«nsöpw \n§Ä hnNmcn¡p¶ptm'' (hn:Jp: 3/140þ142)
]co£bpsS ^ew
h¶t¸mÄ \qdpta\nbpsS Xnf¡apÅ hnPbw kzlm_¯v kz´am¡nbncp¶p. AÃmlp Xs¶ {]Jym]n¡p¶p:
""F¶m kXy ZqX\pw Xsâ klhnizmknIfpw AhcpsS tZl§Ä sImpw [\§Ä sImpw
t]mcm«w \S¯n. AhÀ¡v \·Ifpv. AhÀ hnPbnIfmWv'' (hn.Jp 9/88) ""CZw {]Yaambn
apt¶m«p h¶ aplmPndpIsfbpw A³kzmdpIsfbpw ]pWyIcambn Ahsc ]n³]ddnbhscbpw
AÃmlp Xr]vXns¸«ncn¡p¶p. AhÀ AÃmlphn s\bpw Xr]vXns¸«ncn¡p¶p.'' (hn.Jp.
9/100)
\_n Xncpta\n
(kz) bpw kzlm_Xns\ kÀ«nss^ sN¿p¶pv. kzlm_Xnsâ alXzs¯ \nÀtem`w {]iwkn¡pIbpw
Ahsc A[nt£]n¡p¶Xpw hne Ipd¨p ImWn¡p¶Xpw iàambn hne¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pv.
AhnSp¶v AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""Fsâ kzlm_Xns\ \n§Ä BZcn¡Ww. AhÀ \n§fnÂ
AXyp¯a·mcmWv.'' (\kmCu, anivImXv 6003)
""Fsâ
kzlm_¯nsâ Imcy¯n \n§Ä AÃmlphns\ kq£n¡pI. F\n¡v tijw \n§fhsc Bt£]n¡cpXv.
Ahsc kvt\ln¡p¶hÀ Fs¶ kvt\ln¡p¶Xv sImmWv kvt\ln¡p¶Xv. Ahsc shdp¡p¶hÀ
Fs¶ shdp¡p¶Xv sImmWv shdp¡p¶Xv. Ahsc A\mZcn¡p¶hÀ AÃmlphns\ A\mZcn¡p¶p.
AÃmlphns\ A\mZcn¡p¶hsc XmaknbmsX Ah³ ]nSnIqSp¶XmWv.'' (XpÀapZn,
anivImXv 6005)
“\£{X§Ä
hm\temI¯n\v kam[m\amWv. \£{X§Ä A{]Xy£ambm hm\temI¯v Xm¡oXv \ÂIs¸«Xv
kw`hn¡pw. Rm³ Fsâ kzlm_Xn\v kam[m\amWv. Rm³ bm{Xbmbm kzlm_Xn ap¶dnbn¸v
\Âs¸«Xv kw`hn¡p¶XmWv. Fsâ kzlm_Xv Fsâ kapZmb¯n\v kam[m\amWv. Fsâ
kzlm_Xnsâ Imew Ignªm ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIs¸«Xv Ahcn kw`hn¡p¶XmWv.'' (apkvenw,
anivImXv 5999) ""Fsâ D½¯n AXyp¶X·mÀ Fsâ ImeL«¡mcmIp¶p. ]n¶oSv AXn\Sp¯hÀ,
]n¶oSv AXn\Sp¯hÀ'' (_pJmcn 6428)
FÃmw XnIª
amXrIm ]pcpjcmWv kzlm_Xv. "Camw KÊmen (d) hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv (Clvbm 101/1)
t]mse D¯a kaql¯nsâ Kpcp¡·mÀ.' kzlm_¯nsâ hm¡v, {]hr¯n, Nn´, \bw FÃmw
amXrIm ]camsW¶v ]dtbXnÃtÃm. A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZn (d) sâ {]kvXmh\
{it²bamWv. ""AhÀ apl½Zv \_n (kz) bpsS klNcmWv. AhÀ Cu kaql¯nse
AXyp¯a·mÀ, Gddhpw ]pWyw \ndª lrZb¯nsâbpSaIÄ. AKm[ ]mWvVnXyw t\SnbhÀ. \mSyanÃm¯hÀ,
AÃmlp Ahsc Zo\nsâ kwc£Icmbpw {]hmNIsâ injycmbpw XncsªSp¯ncn¡p¶p. \n§Ä
AhcpsS alXzw hIsh¨p sImSp¡pI. XoÀ¨ AhÀ k·mÀ¤¯nembncp¶p.'' (dko³,
anivImXv 193) JpÀB³, kp¶¯v, CPvamAv F¶nhbpsS hyàamb ]cmaÀi§fpsS ASnØm\¯nÂ
kzlm_nIsfÃmw \oXnam·mcmsW¶v ]WvVnX temIw ]Tn¸n¡p¶pv. (anÀJmXv 11/272)
AÃmlpthmSpÅ Afhdd `àymcm[\ma\ØnXnbpw {]hmNI Xncpta\ntbmSpÅ AXyKm[ kvt\lhpambncp¶p
kzlm_Xnsâ IÀamthi¯nsâbpw alXz¯nsâbpw ASnØm\w. emCeml CÃÃmlv, apl½Zv
dkqepÃmlv þ AÃmlp AÃmsX Bcm[y\nÃ, apl½Zv (kz) AÃmlphnsâ kXyZqX\mWv F¶pÅ
Ckvemansâ ASnØm\ hmN\¯nsâ s]mcpfpw ]mThpaXpXs¶bmWtÃm. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""AhÀ¡v
AÃmlp XJvhbpsS hN\w AXymthiIcam¡n¯oÀ¯p. AXn\v Gddhpw AÀlcpw _Ôs¸«hcpw
AhcmWv'' (hn:Jn 48/26) {]hmNI³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xpw C¯cw Hcp alZv hnNmc
hnImcamWv. AhnSp¶v I¸n¡p¶p. ""\n§fpsS \mYs\ Bcm[n¡pI, {]hmNIs\
BZcn¡pI'' (AlvaZv, anivImXv 3270) {kjvSmhn\pÅ Bcm[\bnepw aplº¯nepw ]qÀ®ambpw
Bkq{XWw sN¿s¸« \nanj§fmbncp¶p kzlm_Xnsâ PohnXw.
i{Xp¡Ä
AXn{Iqcambn ]oUn¸n¡pt¼mgpw FÃmw ad¶v AÃmlphnsâ GIXzw {]Jym]n¡pIbmbncp¶tÃm
kzlm_nIÄ. AhÀ PohnXsam¶S¦w AÃmlphn¶p kaÀ¸n¨p. AÃmlp AwKoIcn¡m¯ Hcp
IWnI t]mepw PohnX¯nepmIp¶Xv AhÀ CjvSs¸«nÃ. cm{XnIme §fn AhÀ Bcm[\m \ncXcmbXpw
]I shfn¨¯n A[À½ImcnItfmSv ]Ssh«nbXpw AÃmlphn\v thnbmbncp¶p. Cemlo
kvacWbpsS Xo{hX Ipdbp¶Xv At§bddw Pm{KXtbmsSbmbncp¶p AhÀ Incp¶Xv.
AhnSps¯ DZvt_m[\§Ä {ihn¨psImv {]hmNIsâ kZÊnencn¡pt¼mgpmIp¶ `àymZc
Xo{hX ]pd¯nd§nbm \jvSs¸«p t]mIp¶Xnsâ t]cn Xm³ I]S\mbn¯oÀ¶pthm F¶v
l³fe (d) ]cn`hs¸Sp¶Xv HmÀ¡pI. (apkvenw, anivImXv 2268) DuWnepw Dd¡nepw
AÃmlphnsâ ZnIvdpIfpsS a[pc a{´Ww AhÀ sImp \S¶p. ""ZnIvdnsâ B[ymßm\p`qXnbnÂ
Imddp sIm hr£w IWs¡ AhÀ BSnbpeªp.'' (AÂ_nZmb¯p h¶nlmb 8/10)
kzlm_nIfpsS {]hmNI kvt\lhpw AXyKm[ambncp¶p. {]hmNI³ Hcp [\mVyt\m
GIm[n]Xntbm Bbncp¶nÃ. tIhew Hcp ^Jodns\ t]mse AhnSp¶v Pohn¨p. AtX kabw
{]hmNIs\ kvt\ln¨Xnsâ t]cn arKobambn B{Ian¡s¸Sp¶ kmlNcyhpw \ne\n¡p¶pmbncp¶p.
kmlNcyw C{Xtbsd {]XnIqeambncp¶n«pw kzlm_Xv {]hmNIs\ AXncddv kvt\ln¨p.
kzPohs\¡mtfsd kvt\ln¨p. Igpac¯n sh¨p t]mepw AhÀ {]hmNI {]IoÀ¯\§Ä
Be]n¨p. {]hmNI³ AhnSps¯ {]nbs¸« A\pbmbnIsf ZqX·mcmbn \ntbmKn¨p.
]S¡f¯nend§m³ \nÀt±in¨p. AXv Poh³ A]ISs¸Sp¯ntb¡mhp¶ ZuXyamsW¶v
AhÀ¡dnbmambncp¶p. `mcym k´m\§sf A\mYcm¡psa¶hÀ¡v t_m[yapmbncp¶p. F¶n«pw
B ZpjvIc ZuXyw GsddSp¡m\pw \nÀÆln¡m\pw kzlm_nIÄ¡v AXypÕmlambncp¶p.
A\pbmbnIfnse k¼¶cpw D¶Xcpw ]Wand¡n kpJambn amdn\n¡pIbpw Zcn{Zcpw
AicWcpw cwK¯nd§n thZ\bpw \jvS§fpw Gddphm§pIbpw sN¿p¶ htcWy \oXnbnÂ
kzlm_Xv hnizkn¨ncp¶nÃ. km¼¯nI tijnbnÃm¯ kzlm_nIÄ icocw sImv
s]mcpXpt¼mÄ k¼¶cmb kzlm_Xv icochpw k¼¯pw sImsmcpan¨v t]mcmSpIbmbncp¶p.
DlvZv bp²thfbn cà km£nIfmbt¸mÄ k¼¶cmb A³kzmdpIfn Fgp]Xv t]cmWv Poh³
XyPn¨Xv.(X^vkoÀ JpÀXzp_n 4/177). s]mXpsh kzlm_nIfn aplmPndpItf¡mÄ
IqSpXÂ cà km£nIfmbXv A³kzmdpIfmbncp¶p. (JpÀXzp_n 4/208)
henb k¼¶cmbncp¶
A_q_IvÀ (d), Dkvam³ (d), A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p Hu^v, sskZp _n³ km_nXv (d),
kp_bvdp_n³ AÆmw (d) XzÂlXv (d) XpS§nb kzlm_nIÄ GXp tkh\, XymK§fpsSbpw
ap³\ncbn Xs¶bpmbncp¶p. k¼¶cmbXnsâ t]cn AhÀ¡v Fs´¦nepw kt¦mNtam
[mÀ½nI£oWtam Dmbncp¶nÃ. {]hmNIsâ Bßmhns\ am{Xaà AhnSps¯ icocs¯bpw
IqSn kzlm_¯v At§bddw kvt\ln¨ncp¶p. B XncpIcw Ihcm³ Athi`cnXcmbncp¶p
AhÀ. ""AhÀ \_nXncpta\nbpsS XncpIc§Ä Ihcp¶p. Ah sImhcpsS apJw XShp¶p.''
(_pJmcn 3553) X§fpsS shŸm{X§fn AhnSp¶v ssIap¡Wsa¶hÀ sImXn¨p. (apkvenw,
anivImXv 5808) AhnSp¶v AwKip²n hcp¯nb Pe¯n\mbn AhÀ InSaÕcw \S¯n (_pJmcn
3566) AhnSps¯ tcma§Ä sImhÀ _d¡s¯Sp¯p. tcmKia\w Is¯n (_pJmcn,
anivImXv 4568) AhnSps¯ hnbÀ¸p IW§Ä AhÀ tiJcn¨p kq£n¨p (_pJmcn,
anivIm¯v 5788) \_n Xpcpta\nbpsS Xp¸p\ocp t]mepw kzlm_nIÄ¡mthiambncp¶p.
AhnSps¯ hkv{Xw AhÀ¡v ]pWyambncp¶p.
{]hmNIs\
AXy[nIw kvt\ln¨ kzlm_¯n\p \_n (kz) Xncn¨pw kvt\lw \ÂInbncp¶p. {]hmNI³
]et¸mgpw AXv Xpd¶v {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv. ""Hm apBZv, \ns¶ Rm³ kvt\ln¡p¶p''
F¶ {]kvXmh\ HmÀ¡pI. (A_q ZmhqZv, anivImXv 949)
AhnSps¯ {]nbs¸«
injyÀ¡v {]bmktam, thZ\tbm, \jvStam, kw`hn¨m AhnSp¶v G§eSn¡pambncp¶p.
apAvX¯v bp²¯n sskZv (d), PAv^À (d), A_vZpÃmln_v\p dhml apXembhÀ càkm£nIfmbt¸mÄ
{]hmNIsâ I®pIÄ \ndsªmgpInbncp¶p. (_pJmcn, anivImXv 5887) h[n¡s¸«hcpsS
B{inXsc sN¶p ImWpIbpw Bizkn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿mdpmbncp¶p. acWs¸« A\pbmbnIfpsS
kwkvIcW¯n ]s¦Sp¡pIbpw J_dnS¯n ZoÀLt\cw ZnIvdpIÄ sNmÃn {]mÀYn¡pIbpw
sN¿mdpmbncp¶p. \o F«v hÀj§Ä¡v tijw DlvZv cà km£nIfpsS t]cn \nkvImcw
\nÀhln¨Xv (_pJmcn 4042) HmÀ¡pI.
{]hmNIsâ
kvt\lw t\cn«\p`hn¨hÀ F¶Xn\p ]pdta Ckvemansâ t]mddpt\mh\p`hn¨hÀ,
Ckveman\p thn kln¨hÀ, XyPn¨hÀ, ]S \bn¨hÀ, kzÀ¤ {]thi kphmÀ¯ e`n¨hÀ,
AÃmlphn\mepw dkqen\mepw hnip²cm¡s¸«hÀ, JpÀB³ \pIcpIbpw ]IcpIbpw
sNbvXhÀ XpS§n At\Iw khntijXIÄ kzlm_¯n\pam{Xw AhImis¸«XmWv.
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