{]mcw`sa§s\
kmÀh{XnIt\«w
Icmdnsâ
s]mcpÄ
BZnakrjvSn \_n(kz)X§fpsS {]ImiamsW¶Xv
"{]Imihpw {]mYayhpw' F¶ teJ\¯n \n¶v am\y kµÀiIÀ a\Ênem¡n AhnSp¶v {]hmNI·mcpsS
t\Xm
sh¶ \nebn D¶Xamb ]Zhn¡ÀlcmWv.
AhcpsS `uXnIamb \ntbmK¯n \v aps¼ Xs¶ \_n(kz)¡v {]hmNIXz]Zhn \ÂIs¸«n«pv.
AXn\m Xs¶ {] hmNIXz ]Zhnbnte¡pÅ BtcmlW¯nsâ {]mYays¯ Ipdn¨v A¸w NÀ¨
sN¿pIbmWnhnsS.
CÀ_mfv_v\pkmcnb(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w
: \_n(kz) X§Ä ]dªp: ""Rm³ A Ãmlphn¦Â A´y{]hmNI\mWv''. BZw \_n(A) a®nÂ
\neo\ambncn¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ (AlvaZv). abvkd(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w. At±lw ]dªp:
"AÃmlphnsâ ZqXtc, Ft¸mgmWv A§v {]hmNI\mbXv' F¶p Rm³ \_n(kz) X§tfmSv
tNm Zn¨p At¸mÄ AhnSp¶p ]dªp: "BZw(A) icoc¯nsâbpw icocnbpsSbpw
CSbnembncn¡pt¼mÄ'(krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶Xn\p ap¼v F¶ÀYw) (AlvaZv).
asämcp \nthZ\¯n abvkd(d) ]dbp¶Xn§s\bmWv:
Fsâ {]kvXpX tNmZy¯n \v adp]Snbmbn \_n(kz) ]dªp: ""AÃmlp `qansb
krjvSn¨p. BImi§sf G gmbn krjvSn¨p {IaoIcn¨p. AÀipw krjvSn¨p. AXnsâ
ImepIfn apl½ZpÀdkq epÃmln JmXnap¶_n¿o³ (apl½Zv \_n(kz) X§Ä AÃmlphnsâ
ZqXcpw A´y {]hmNIcpamIp¶p) F¶v FgpXpIbpmbn. AÃmlp kzÀKs¯ krjvSn¨p.
BZw(A), lÆ(d) F¶nhsc kzÀK¯n Xmakn¸n¨p. Fsâ \maw kzÀK IhmS§fnepw
CeIfnepw(kzÀKob) tKm]pc§fnepw IqSmc§fnepw FgpXn sh¨n«pmbncp¶p. At¸mÄ
BZw(A) Bßmhn\pw icnc¯n\panSbnembncp¶p. ]n¶oSv BZw \_n(A)ans\ krjvSn¨v
Poh³ \ÂInbt¸mÄ At±lw AÀinte¡p t\m¡n. AÀin Fsâ \maw FgpXn h¨Xv At±lw
ImWpIbpmbn(ss_lJn).
\_n(kz) X§fpsS {]hmNIXzw BZw
\_n(A)s\ krjvSn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼pXs¶ hnfw_cs¸Sp¯nbn«pmbncp¶p F¶v Cu lZoknÂ
\n¶p hyàamWv. lZokv \n cq]WtaJebn Bt£]mÀlamwhn[w ZpÀºeoIcWhpw
\nÀ½nXnbmtcm]Whpw \S¯mdpÅ A_p ^dPv C_v\p Pukn Xsâ IrXnbmb "AÂh^m _n
Alv hmen apkzvXz^m' Bcw`n¡p¶Xv Xs¶ Cu lZokv D²cn¨p sImmWv.
Camw Xz_vdm\n(d)bpw A_q\psFapw(d)\nthZ\w
sNbvX lZokv Camw kpbqXzn(d) D²cn¡p¶p: {KmaoW\mb HcmÄ. ""A§bpsS {]hmNIXz¯nsâ
XpS¡sa´mbncp¶p''F¶p \_n(kz)tbmSmcmªp. At¸mÄ AhnSp¶p ]dªp. ""FÃm
{]hmN³am cn \n¶pw IcmÀ kzoIcn¨ {]Imcw F¶n \n¶pw IcmÀ kzoIcn¡pIbmbncp¶p''(AÂJkzmCkzv:1/8).
Camw kpbpXzn(d)Xsâ X^vkodnÂ
FgpXp¶p: {]hmNI³amcn \n¶v IcmÀ kzoIcn¨ {]Imcw F¶n \n¶pw AÃmlp IcmÀ
kzoIcn¨p F¶p ]dªp sImp \_n(kz) kqd¯p Alvkm_nse Ggmw kqàw ]mcmbWw
sNbvXp: {]hmNI³amcn A§bn \n¶pw \qlv, C{_mlow, aqkm, Cukm F¶nhcn \n¶pw
\mw IcmÀ kzoIcn¨ kµÀ`w kvacWobamWv. Ahcn \n¶pw \mw ITn\amb IcmÀ
hm§pIbpmbn (Bibw, A Alvkm_v:7) (X^vkoÀ A±pÀdp a³kqÀ:5/352).
C_v\pAºmkv(d) ]dbp¶p: ""A§bpsS
IcmÀ Ft¸mgmWv kzoIcn¡s¸«Xv'' F¶p \_n(kz) X§tfmSv At\zjn¨t¸mÄ AhnSp¶p ]dªp:
""(BZw(A) Bßmhn\pw icoc¯n\pw CSbnembncn¡pt¼mÄ''(X^vkoÀ A±pÀdp a³kqÀ
5/352).
Camw XpÀapZn, Camw AlvaZv,
Camw lmInw(d) XpS§nbhÀ X§fpsS IrXnIfnepw C_v\pIkoÀ(d) X^vkodnepw AÂ _nZmb¯ph¶nlmbbnepw
C_v\p kAZv(d) Xz_Jm¯nepw CXv D²cn¨n«pv.
{]mcw`sa§s\?
A_q Dama(d) \_n(kz) X§tfmSv,
{]mcw`s¯¡pdn¨v At\zjn¨t¸mÄ AhnSp¶v ""C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\bpw Cukm \_n(A)sâ
kphmÀ¯bpw Fsâ D½ I {]Imihpw'' F¶p adp]Sn ]dªXv Camw AlvaZv(d)
D²cn¨n«pv. Cu lZokpw D ]cnkpNnX lZokpw X½n Bib sshcp²yansöp IqSn
C_v\p IkoÀ(d) hnhcn ¨n«pv.
""CXnsâ(A_q Dama(d)hnsâ
lZoknsâ) Bibw, P\§Ä¡nSbn \_n(kz) X §Ä¡p IqSpX {]Nmchpw {]kn²nbpw
e`n¨Xv C{_mlow(A) sâ {]mÀY\tbmsSbmsW¶mWv. ImcWw At±lamWtÃm Ad_nIfpsS ]nXmhv.
Cukm\_n(A)sâ kphmÀ¯ {]tXyIw ]cmaÀin¨Xv At±lw _\q CkvdmCuense Ahkm\s¯
{]hmNI\mWv F¶ \ne¡mWv. C{_mlow(A)sâbpw Cukm(A)sâbpw CS¡v [m cmfw
{]hmNI³amÀ Ignªpt]mbn«pv. AhÀ \_n(kz) X§sf¡pdn¨v kt´mj
hmÀ¯bdn¨n«papv F¶Xv CXn\v sXfnhmWv''(AÂ_nZmbXp h¶nlmb:2/393).
\_n(kz) X§fpsS \ntbmK¯n\p
ap¼pmbncp¶ hensbmcp P\hn`mKambncp¶phsÃm _\q C{kmCuÂ. Ahcn [mcmfw
{]hmNI³amÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn«pv. F¶m \_n(kz) X§fpsS sXm«pap¼p h¶hcpw
Ahcnse Ahkm\s¯ {]hmNI\pw F¶ \nebn P\§Ä¡v IqSpXednbmhp¶ {]hmNI\mWv
Cukm \_n(A). am{Xhpaà Cukm \_n(A)sâ t]cnepÅ {InkvXpaX¯nsâ hgnbnÂ
Pohn¨ncp¶hÀ A¡me¯v lnPmkn Xs¶bpmbncp¶pXm\pw. B \ne¡mWv Cukm \_n(A)sâ
kphmÀ¯ {]mapJyt¯msS FSp¯p ]dªn«pÅXv. Cukm(A)sâ {]hmNIXz ImeL«¯n At±l¯nsâ
{][m\ ZuXyambncp¶p \_n(kz) X§sf¡pdn¨pÅ kphmÀ¯bdnbn¡Â. \_n(kz) X§fpsS
BKa\s¯¡pdn¨p asämcp {]hmNIcpw kphmÀ¯ \ÂInbn«nà F¶v CXn\ÀYanÃ. AXp
t]mse Xs¶bmWv \_n(kz) X§Ä XpS¡s¯¡pdn¨v \ÂInb Cu hnhcW¯nsâ AÀYhpw.
BZyapmb XpS¡s¯tbm Adnbn¸pIsftbm {]hN\§sftbm \njv{]`am¡eÃ.
C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\ {]tXyIambn
]dªXnepw kaIme{]kàambn«pÅ Nne Bib§Ä \ap¡v {Kln¡m\mhp¶pv. \_n(kz) X§Ä
\ntbmKnXcmb B ZyL«¯nse {]Xy£ kaqlw Ad_nIfmWv. AXn\m Xs¶ Ahcpambn _Ôs¸«Xpw
Ahcn ]eÀ¡pw ]cnNnXhpw BZcWobhpamb hyIvXnXzw F¶ \ne¡v C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\
DbÀ¯n¡m«n. C{_mlow(A) t\cs¯ \n§Ä¡mbn \mYt\mSv {]mÀYn¨Xnsâ km[qIcWhpw ^ehpamWv
Xms\¶pIqSn Ahsc t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbmbncn¡mw CXnsâ e£yw.
C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\tbmSpIqSnbmWv
a\pjyÀ¡nSbn \_n(kz) X§sf¡p dn¨p hym]Iamb Adnhpmhp¶Xv. C{_mlow(A)sâ
]p{X\mb bAvJq_v \_n(A)amWv _\q C{kmCuensâ ]nXmhv. _\qC{kmCuense
{]hmNI³amcmWv aqkm\_n(A), ZmhqZv \_n(A), Cukm\_n(A) F¶nhÀ. AhÀ¡p \ÂInb
thZ§fn  \_n(kz)sb¡pdn¨p \¶mbn hnhcn¨n«pv. C¶v Adnbs¸Sp¶
ss__nfpIfneS¡w AXp ImWmhp¶XmWv. Cu hnhc¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWtÃm hyXykvX
aXhnizmknIfmb BfpIÄ \_n(kz) X§fpsS \ntbmKs¯ {]Xo£n¨ncp¶Xv.
Npcp¡¯n F\n¡v ap¼v Ignªv
t]mb "]pWy{]hmNI³amcnse Ahkm\s¯ bmfpw \n§fpsS ]qÀÆ]nXmhpw Fsâ \ntbmKs¯¡pdn¨p
{]Xo£bpw B{Kl hpw XmÂ]cyhpw hnhchpapÅhcmbncp¶p F¶pw. AXnsâsbÃmw km£mXv¡mcamWv
Fsâ \ntbmK¯neqsS km[n¨ncn¡p¶Xv' F¶pw \_n(kz) X§Ä hyàam¡pIbmWv; AXÃmsX
C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\¡p ap¼pw Cukm(A)sâ kqhmÀ¯¡p ap¼pw Rm\nà F¶Ã.
C_v\pIkoÀ(d) XpSÀ¶v FgpXp¶p:
""F¶m \_n(kz) X§sf¡pdn¨pÅ hnhcw aäp temI§fn BZw(A)sâ krãn¸n\p ap¼p
Xs¶ {]kn²ambncp¶p. Camw A lvaZv(d) D²cn¡p¶p: ""CÀ_mfv_v\p kmcnb(d)hnÂ
\n¶p \nthZ\w. ""\_n(kz) X §Ä ]dªp: \nÝbw, Rm³ AÃmlphnsâ Zmk\mWv,
A´y{]hmNI\mWv. BZw (A) At¸mÄ a®n \neo\ambncp¶p. Rms\sâ {]mcw`s¯¡pdn¨v
\n§Ä¡p ]n¶oSv hnhcn¨pXcp¶XmWv''(AÂ_nZmbXp h¶nlmb: 2/393).
""\_n(kz) X§tfmSv HcmÄ h¶v "AÃmlphnsâ
ZqXtc, Ft¸mgmWv A§v \_nbmbXv' F¶p tNmZn¨t¸mÄ P\§sfÃmw(At±lt¯mSv)
kwkmcn¡mXncn¡m³ ]dªp. At¸mÄ \_n(kz) X§Ä ]dªp:""Ahs\ hnt«¡q(A\phZn¡q)
BZw(A) Bßmhnsâbpw icoc¯nsâbpw CSbnembncns¡ Rm³ \_nbmbncp¶p''(Xz_ JmXv:
1/118).
asämcn¡Â CtX tNmZy¯n\p¯cambn
\_n(kz) X§Ä ]dªp: ""BZw(A) icoc¯n¶pw Bßmhn\pw CSbnembncns¡ F¶n \n¶p
IcmÀ kzoIcn¨t¸mÄ(BWv Rm³ {]hmNI\mbXv)''(Xz_JmXv:1/118).
{]hmNI³amcn \n¶p IcmÀ
kzoIcn¨Xv AhÀ krjvSn¡s¸«Xn\p tijamWv. \_n(kz) X§fn \n¶p IcmÀ
kzoIcn¨Xpw AhnSps¯ krjvSn¨Xn\p tijw Xs¶bmWv. At¸mÄ BZr {]hmNI\pw a\pjy\pamb
BZw(A)\p ap¼v \_n(kz) X §Ä krjvSn¡s¸SpIbpw IcmÀ kzoIcn¡pIbpw
sNbvXn«pv.
C_v\p DaÀ(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w:
\_n(kz) ]dªp: "BImimtcmlW kµÀ`¯nÂ' "apl½ZpÀdkpepÃmln' Fs¶gpXn sh¡s¸Sm¯
Hcp BImi¯neqsSbpw Rm³ k©cn¡pIbpmbn«nÃ''(_ÊmÀ).
Pm_nÀ(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w:""kzÀK¯nsâ
hmXnen "emCeml CÃÃmlp apl½ZpÀdkpepÃmln' F¶v FgpXnh¨n«pv''(C_v\p
AkmInÀ).
C_v\p Aºmkv(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w.
""\_n(kz) ]dªp: kzÀK¯nse hr£§fpsS CeIfnsem¶nepw "emCeml CÃÃmlp
apl½ZpÀdkqepÃmln' Fs¶gpXn sh¡m¯Xmbn CÃXs¶''(A_p\psFw: JkzmCkzv:1/13).
CsXÃmw \_n(kz) X§fpsS alXzhpw
BXy´nI ]qÀWXbpw {]ISam¡p¶XmWv. a\Ênem¡nbhscms¡ AXpÄs¡mÅpIbpw
sNbvXn«pv. alm\mb BZw(A)amWtÃm BZra\pjy³. At±lw kµnKv[L«¯n \_n(kz)
X§sf XhÊpem¡n {]mÀY\ \S¯nbn«pv.
Camw lmInw(d), ss_lJn, Xz_vdm\n(d)
XpS§nbhÀ DaÀ(d)hn \n¶v \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokn CXv hyàam¡p¶pv.
""BZw(A) \_n(kz) X§sf
XhÊpem¡n {]mÀY\ \S¯nbt¸mÄ AÃmlp tNmZn¨p: "BZw F§s\bmWp \o apl½Zns\
AdnªXv? Rm³ apl½Zns\ icoccq]¯n krjvSn¨n«nÃtÃm'? At¸mÄ BZw(A) ]dªp:
""\mYm, \o Fs¶ krjvSn¡pIbpw
F¶n Bßmhv \nt£]n¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸m Ä Rm³ XebpbÀ¯nt\m¡n. At¸mÄ AÀinsâ
XqWpIfn "emCeml CÃÃmlp apl½Zp³ dkqepÃmln' Fs¶gpXnh¨Xmbn ImWm³ Ignªp.
\nsâ \ma¯ns\m ¸w, \n\t¡äw Cãs¸« krãnsbbÃmsX tNÀs¯gpXpIbnsöp Rm³ a\Ênem
¡n''.
At¸mÄ AÃmlp ]dªp: ""BZw, \o
kXyw ]dªp. \nÝbw, apl½Zv krjvSnIfn  F\nt¡ähpw {]nb¦c\mWv. apl½Zv
CÃmbncps¶¦n \ns¶ Rm³ krjvSn¡nÃmbncp¶p'' (JkzmCkzv:1/12).CXpw \_n(kz)
X§fpsS ZuXy¯nsâ {]mYayamWv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv.
kmÀh{XnI t\«w
\_n(kz) X§fpsS ZuXyhpw t\XrXzhpw
KpW§fpw t\«§fpw ØeImehn`mK ]cnanXaÃ. FÃmhÀ¡pw FÃmän\pw \_n(kz) X§fpsS
alZznemk§fpsS KpW^e§Ä e`yamhWw. \_n(kz) X§fpsS krãn{]mYayhpw {]Ya{]hmNIXzhpw
A \nhmcyamsW¶v CXv XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶pv. Rm³ BZw k´XnIfpsS(a\pjycpsS) BIam\w
t\XmhmWv' F¶v AhnSp¶v hyàam¡nbXmWv.
A_qlpssdd(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w:
\_n(kz) X§Ä ]dªp: ""Rm³ BZw k´XnIfpsS t\XmhmWv; Rm³ Al´ ]dbpIbÃ''(apkvenw)z
t\Xr]camb KpW^ehnXcW¯n\pw ]cnNcW
kao]\§Ä¡pw tbmKy\mbncn¡Ww t\Xmhv. A\pbmbnIfpsS IqsS \n¶psImmWXv
IqSpXepw km[yamhp¶Xv.AXn\m Xs¶ t\Xmhv A\pbmbnIÄ¡v ]cnNnX\mbncn¡Ww.
At¸mtg AhÀ ¡v B t\Xmhns\ {]m]n¡m\mhpIbpÅp. {]IrXn \nba§Ä adnIS¶pw
AÃmsX
bpapÅ km¶n²yw Cu Akm[mcW t\XyXz¯n\v
A\nhmcyamWv. \_n(kz) X§fpsS {]Ya{]hmNI ]Zhnbpw FÃmhcpsSbpw t\Xmsh¶ ]Zhnbpw
krãn{]mYayhpw A\nhmcyamb Cu khntijXIÄ¡\pkrXamWv.
hyXncnàhpw hninjvShpamb Bßob
]ZhntbmsSm¸w a\pjy[À½s¯ kzoIcn¡pI F¶Xpw {]hmNIXz¯nsâ A\nhmcyLSIamWv. B
\ne¡v a\pjy[À½¯n sâ(Icfnsâ) GsäSp¡Â NS§nepw \_n(kz)X§fmbncp¶p H¶masX¶p
ImWmw.
k¿nZv apl½Zp _mJnÀ(d)hnt\mSv
klvep_v\p kzmenlv tNmZn¨p:""apl½Zv\_n(kz) X§Ä Ahkm\ambn \ntbmKnXcmbhcmsW¶ncns¡
F§s\bmWv AhnSp¶v FÃm {]hmNIsc¡mfpw ap¶nemhp¶Xv?'' At±lw ]dªp: ""\nÝbw,
AÃmlp B Zw k´XnIfn \n¶p IcmÀ kzoIcn¡pIbpw Ahsc¯s¶ AhÀ¡p ta km £nIfm¡pIbpw
sNbvXpsImv tNmZn¨p: Rm³ \n§fpsS \mY\Ãtbm? Cu tNm Zy¯n\v BZyw ""AtX''
F¶p¯cw ]dªXv \_n(kz) X§fmbncp¶p. \_n(kz) X§Ä Ahkm\amWv \ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶sX¦nepw
C¡mcy¯nepw {]hmNI³ amcpsS ap¶nembn¯oÀ¶p''(AÂJkzmCkzv1/7).
Icmdnsâ s]mcpÄ
{]YakrjvSn F¶ \ne¡p \_n(kz)
X§Ä {IaoIcn¡s¸« PohnXhpw ]Zhnbpw kn²n¨hcmbncp¶p. AhnSps¯ {]IrX¯n Xs¶
CXp {]ISamWv. AhnSps¯ t\Xr ]ZhnbpsS ]cnc£ kw_ÔambpÅ AÃmlphnsâ Nne \nÀt±§Ä
CXp hy àam¡p¶pv. {]hmNI³amcn \n¶p kzoIcn¨n«pÅ Hcp IcmÀ Cu t\Xr]Zhn
sb t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶Xpw AwKoIcn¸n¡p¶XpamWv. hnip² JpÀB³ CXp hyàam¡nbn«pv:
""{]hmNI³amcn \n¶v AÃmlp
IcmÀ kzoIcn¨ kµÀ`w kvacWobamWv. "Rm³ \n§Ä¡p thZhpw Úm\hpw \ÂIn. tijw \n§fpsS
ASp¡epÅXns\ hmkvXhoIcn¡p¶ ZqX³ h¶m \n§Ä \nÝbambpw B ZqX\nÂ
hnizkn¡pIbpw k lmbn¡pIbpw sNt¿XmWv F¶p ]dª tijw AÃmlp tNmZn¨p: "\n§Ä
Aw KoIcn¨pthm? Ft¶mSv Cu _m[yX GsäSp¯pthm?' Ahct¸mÄ ]dªp: ""AtX R§Ä
k½Xn¨ncn¡p¶p''. hopw AÃmlp ]dªp: ""\n§Ä km£nIfmhpI; Rm\pw \n§tfmsSm¸w
km£nIfnÂs¸«h\mWv''(Bibw; BepCwdm³: 81).
Cu kqà¯nsâ hymJym\¯n C_v\pAºmkv(d),
Aen(d) XpS§nbhÀ hnhcn¡p¶p: ""ap³ {]hmNI·mtcmSv AhcpsS Ime¯v apl½Zv \_n(kz)
X§Ä \ntbmKnX\mbm \_nbn hnizkn¡pIbpw klmbn¡pIbpw sN¿Wsa¶v IcmÀ sN ¿msXbpw
AhcpsS A\pbmbnIfn \n¶p IcmÀ kzoIcn¡m³ \nÀt±in¡msXbpw Hcp {]hmNIs\bpw
AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨n«nÃ'' (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ: 1/493).
Cu IcmÀ tIhew Hcp
ASnt¨Â¸n¡embncp¶nÃ. ]Ým¯ehpw ImcyImcW§fpw hnhcn¨ tijw AsXmc\nhmcyXbmsW¶p
t_m[ys¸Sp¯nb tijambncp¶p IcmÀ kzoIcn¨ncp¶Xv. AXn\m Xs¶ FÃm
{]hmNI³amÀ¡pw \_n(kz)bpsS \ntbmKw, ImeL«w, ]emb\ Øew, {]hmNIXz
ZrjvSm´§Ä, hntijW§Ä XpS§n AdntbsXÃmw IrXyambpw hyàambpw Adnbmambncp¶p.
AXhÀ kaIme kaql¯n\p ]IcpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. Cu Adnhnsâ ASnØm\¯n DSs\ \ntbmKnX\mhp¶
Hcp {]hmNIs\¶ \nebn AhÀ \_n(kz) X§sf Im¯ncn¡pIbpmbn F¶Xn\p Ncn{Xw
km£nbmWv. |