alm\mb dkqÂ(kz) X§fpsS
amXm]nXm¡fpsS ]ctemI tam£s¯¡pdn¨v C¶v NÀ¨ thnh¶ncn¡p¶p. hnizmknIsf
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Hcp A\nhmcy NÀ¨bmbncp¶nà CXv .]t£, C¡mcy¯n A\mhiyamb
CSs]SepIÄ \S¯n hnhmZapm¡p¶hcps¶Xn\m AhcpsS \ne]mSnse hnhct¡Sv A\mhcWw
sN t¿Xmbn h¶n«pv ImcWw. CkvemanImZÀi¯nsâ A{]amZnXz¯n kwibw P\n¸n¡m\o
hnhmZw ImcWambn«pv.
GXp hnjb¯nepw kwibw P\n¸n¡ms\fp¸amWv.
AXp ZqcoIcn¨v kXyw a\Ênem¡ns¡mSp¡pI BbmkIchpamWv. Ckvemansâ t]cn \nehnepÅ
hyXnbm\, \ncmk Nn´¡mscÃmw Xs¶ Cu ASnØm\ B\pIqey¯nsâ kuIcyw
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶hcmWv. AÚcpsS ap¼n tIhe _p²n(?) AhXcn¸n¨p ta³a \Sn¡pIbmWhÀ.
X§fpsS AÚXbpsS Bgw Adnbm¯hÀ ]pXnb kwib¯nsâ hàm¡fmbn Nabp¶Xn A`nam\w
sImÅpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
\_n(kz) X§fpsS amXm]nXm¡sf
Ipdn¨pw AhcpsS hwi ]c¼csb Ipdn¨pw A\mhiyamb NÀ¨ \S¯p¶hÀ HcpXcw {]hmNI\nµbmWv
\S¯p¶Xv. almcY³amcmb ]WvVnXkqcnIÄ AXnsâ Kuchw
t_m[ys¸Sp¯nbXmWv.{]amW§fp sS ASnØm\¯n Xs¶ Ckvemansâ BZÀimNmcm\pjvTm\§fpsS
{]mtbmKnI ]mc¼cyw ]Icm\pw \pIcm\pw {ian¨hcmWv ]qÀÆnIÀ. Ahcn \n¶p
kzoIcn¨ Ckvemansâ {]mtbmKnI hgnbmWv apkvenwIÄ¡v IcWobw. Cu
]mc¼cy]mXbn \n¶p hyXnNen¨hcmWv inYneoIcW Nn´¡mscÃmw. \nehnepÅ ]p¯³ {]Øm\§fnepÅhscÃmw
]c¼cmKX apkvenw kaql¯nse amXm]nXm¡fpsS a¡fmWv. AhÀ ]ng¨hcmbncp¶p F¶pw
X§Ä lnZmb¯nemsb¶pw tZymXn¸n¡p¶ hn[ap Å ChcpsS aXw amä¯n\v \_n(kz)tbmSv
kam\X AhImis¸Sp¶ hnNn{X ImgvNbmWn¶p ImWp¶Xv.
X§fpsS amXm]nXm¡Ä kXy¯nembncp¶nÃ
F¶Xv X§Ä¡p bmsXmcp \yq\X bpw hcp¯p¶nà F¶mWnhcpsS Nn´mKXn. \_n(kz)X§fpsS
amXm]nXm¡fpw hyXykvX AhØbnembncp¶nÃsÃm F¶ \ymboIcWamWhÀ \S¯p¶Xv.
hnizmknsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw kz´w
hnizmk¯nsâ k¯bpambn t\cn«p _ ÔanÃm¯ C¯csamcp hnjb¯n F´n\mWv CSs]Sp¶Xv?.
AXp hÀÖn¡pI btà thXv?.F¶v kzbw BtemNnt¡XmWv C¯cw {]NmcWw hgn Ckveman
t\m kaql¯nt\m Fs´¦nepw KpWtam t\«tam e`n¨Xmbn FSp¯pImWn¡m\mhnÃ. tZmj^e§Ä
[mcmfappXm\pw.
IpÕnXamb C¯cw NÀ¨IÄ {InkvXpaX
{]NmcIÀ D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p F¶XmWv H¶mams¯ tZmj^ew. hnip²JpÀB\n alm\mb
Cukm\_n(A)s\bpw amXmhns\bpw IpSpw_s¯bpw {KÙs¯bpw hmgv¯ns¡mpÅ kqà§fpv.
apl½Zv \_n(kz)sb¡mÄ D¶X\mWv tbip F¶p Øm]n¡m³ {InkvXpaX {]NmcIÀ Cu
kqà§Ä D²cn¡mdpv. "tbip{InkvXphpw amXmhpw amXmalnbpw hmgv ¯s¸«hcmsW¶v
JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p. F¶m apl½Zv \_n(kz)bpsS amXm]nXm¡Ä AhnizmknIfpw \cImhIminIfpamsW¶p
apkvenwIÄ Xs¶ ]dbp¶p. CXp cpw tNÀ¯p hmbn¨p t\m¡pI'F¶p Nne {InkvXp
aX{]NmcIÀ A\phmNI tcmSp ]dbp¶p.
bpànhmZ]cambXmWp asämcp tZmj^ew.
hniz¯n\mIam\w tam£w \ÂIm³ \n tbmKnXcmbhcmWv {]hmNIÀ. F¶n«pw X§fpsS
amXm]nXm¡fpsS tamN\¯n\p t]mepw km[n¡m¯hcmtWm {]hmNI³? Hcp hntamNIs\
\ntbmKn¡pt¼mÄ kw ip²hpw ]hn{Xhpamb IpSpw_ ]mc¼cyhpw hyànXzhpw
Dd¸phcp¯m³ Aià\mtWm ssZhw? F¦n ssZh¯nsâ kÀÆiàn ssNX\ysahnsS?. C§s\
Hcp hncp² {]NmcW¯n\v \mw Ahkcapm¡Wtam F¶pw BtemNn¡pI.
{]kvXpX kwib§Ä¡pw {]NmcW¯n\pw
\ap¡p \ymbhpw adp]Snbpw Dmhmw. ]t£; BßmÀYamb kXymt\zjWw \S¯p¶hÀ¡v
am{XamWXp]Imcs¸Sp¶Xv. AÃm¯hÀ adptNmZyw cq]s¸Sp¯pIbpw \ymb§fhXcn¸n¡pIbpamWv
sN¿pI. AÚcmb ktlmZc§Ä¡nSbn C¯cw {]NmcW§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n aXw amä¯n\pw \ncmk¯n\pw
\ntj[¯n\pw hyXnbm\¯n\psams¡ Ahkcw tXSp ¶hcpv F¶Xv `bm\IamWv.
Ncn{X]camb hniIe\§fnepw
BZÀi]camb NÀ¨Ifnepw ]qÀÆkqcnIfmb ] WvVnXal¯p¡Ä C¡mcyw hyàam¡nbn«pv.
kapZmbs¯¡pdn¨pÅ kZvhnNm cw sImmWv AhcXp sNbvXXv. AXnse ]cmaÀi§Ä
kµÀ`¯n \n¶SÀ¯nsbSp¯v Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿p¶Xv Ahsc \nµn¡emWv. Ahsc¡qSn Cu
sXämb hm Z¯nsâ hàm¡fm¡n AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv A]cm[amWv.
tam£w F´psImv?.
A_vZpÃþBan\m(d) Z¼XnIÄ ]mc{XnI
tam£¯n\ÀlcmWv F¶ \ne]mSmWv hn izmknIÄ¡p IcWobw. Ncn{X¯nsâbpw {]amW§fpsSbpw
]n´pWbpffXmWnXv. AhcpsS tam£w hnfw_cw sN¿p¶ [mcmfw IrXnIÄ
hncNnXambn«pv. tUmIvSÀ kpsseam³ AÂ^dPv cNn¨ "AÂ h^m enÂhmenssZ³' F¶
ImhyIrXnbpsS hymJym\¯nsâ BapJ¯n 42 {KÙ§fpsS ]«nI tNÀ¯n«pv. Cu ]«nIbnÂ
s]Sm¯ Hcp Ukt\mfw IrXnIsfIpdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä thsdbpw ImWm\mbn«pv. ]c¶
At\zjW¯n C\nbpw [mcmfw cN\IÄ ImWm\mhpsa¶XmWv ØnXn.
\_n(kz) X§fpsS amXm]nXm¡Ä
tam£mÀlcmsW¶p X§fpsS IrXnIfnepsS Øm]n¨hcpw AXv NÀ¨ sNbvXhcpw Gsdbp.v
AÃmam Aen¿p le_n Èm^n Cu(d), Camw ^Jvdp±o\oÀ dmkn(d), Camw JpÀXzp_n(d),
A_qA_vZnÃmln A_n ¿v(d), Camw JkvXzÃm\n(d), AÃmam kpÀJm\o(d),
CkvamCuep CPveq\n(d), Camw kpsslen(d), AÃmam Xzmlndp IpÀZn(d),
A_q_Ivdn_v\p Ad_n(d), Camw Xzlmho(d), lm^nfv iwkp±o\n±naivJn(d),
apl½Zv lfvdanÈm^nCu(d), Jmfn k\mDÃ AÂDkvam\n(d), aplvbn±o³ apl½Zv _lmD±o³(d)
XpS§nb ]WvVnXÀ Chcn {]apJcmWv.
AÃmlphnsâ Xocpam\w.
\_n(kz) X§fpsS amXm]nXm¡fmhm³
AÃmlphmWv A_vZpà þ Ban\(d) Z¼XnIsf \nÝbn¨Xv. AXv AhÀs¡mcp ]cnKW\bmWv,
BZchmWv. hnizhntamNIcmb A´y{]hmNIcpsS amXm]nXm¡fmhpI F¶ ]Zhn AXy[nIw
BZcWobamWv. {] hmNIiq\y ImeL«¯nemWhÀ Pohn¨ncp¶Xv. F¶n«pw AhcpsS PohnXw
]cnip²hpw _lpssZh hnizmkapàhpambncp¶p F¶Xn\mWv Ncn{Xkm£yw. AhcpsS
]cnip² PohnXkmlNcy¯nsâ t{]cIw Ahcn AÀ¸nXamb ZuXyambncp¶p.
\Ã IpSpw_¯nse \Ãhcmb
amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v P\n¨p hfÀ¶ cp t]cpsSbpw Zm ¼Xys¯Ipdn¨v t\cs¯ Xs¶ {]hN\§fpmbncp¶p.
hnhmlw \S¶p sshIm sX KÀ`[mcWapmbn. A_vZpÃ(d) XmaknbmsX ZnhwKX\mbn. \_n(kz)
]nd¶p hfÀ¶p kz´w Bhiy]qÀ¯oIcW¯n\v ]cklmbw A\nhmcyaÃm¯ {]mbsa¯nbt¸mÄ
Ban\(d)bpw bm{Xbmbn. {lkzIme Zm¼Xy¯neqsS Hcp Ipªn\p P·w \ÂIpI F¶Xp
am{Xw PohnXZuXyambn \nÀ®bn¡s¸«ncp¶ Z¼XnIfmbncp¶p AhÀ. AsXmcp \ntbmKw
Xs¶bmbncp¶p, {]]©\mY\m \nÝnXamb Xocpam\w.
X§fneqsS ]nd¡m\ncn¡p¶ Ipªnsâ
hyàn {]`mh¯n\pw PohnX ZuXy¯n\pw {]Xy£ambn Xs¶ A\pcq]amb \ma§fmWhÀ¡Ãmlp
\nÝbn¨Xv.Ad_nIÄ ¡nSbn ]e A]c\ma§fpw A¶p kÀÆkm[mcWamWv. F¶m \½psS
Z¼XnI Ä¡v \ÂIs¸« \ma§Ä A_vZpà AYhm AÃmlphnsâ Zmk³ F¶pw Ban\ A Yhm
hnizkvX F¶pambncp¶p. AhÀ¡o kpk½Xhpw iq`kqNIhpamb \ma§Ä ssIh¶Xv
bmZrÑnIambncp¶nÃ. {]]©\mYsâ ]¡Â \n¶pÅ tXm¶n¸n¡Â Xs¶bmWXv.
kXyhnizmk¯nsâ IqSn Ipdnam\§fmWXp cpw.
k¿nZv kzmenlp PAv^cn(d) Xsâ
kod¯p¶_hn¿bn Cu \maIcWs¯bpw \ma§sfbpw Ipdn¨n§s\ FgpXp¶p:
""{]]©\mY\mb AÃmlp
A_vZpÂap¯zen_n\v, A_vZpà F¶v aI\p \maIc Ww sN¿m³ DÄhnfnbneqsS tXm¶n¸n¨XmWv.
ImcWw A_vZp ap¯zen_nsâ ]p {X\mb A_vZpÃbpsS aI³ GI Cemlns\ C_mZ¯v sN¿m\pw
_lpssZhXzhpw _nw_mcm[\bpw \njvImk\w sN¿m\pw {]t_m[\w sNt¿h\mWv''.
""hlv_n\v, Xsâ ]p{Xn¡v Ban\
F¶ \maw \ÂIp¶Xn\pw {kjvSmhn \n¶v DÄ hnfnbpmbXpXs¶bmbncp¶p. ImcWw
krjvSnIfpsS k³amÀK¯n\pw kpc£ ¡pw \nan¯ambn¯ocp¶ Hcp ]p{Xsâ
amXmhmtIhcmWhÀ''(AÂ h^m enhmenssZÂ apkvXz^m. t]Pv. 31).
{]]©\mY\mb AÃmlp Ahsâ CjvSZmk\pw
krjvSn t{ijvT\pamb apl½Zv (kz) X§Ä¡v P·w \ÂIm\pw apebq«m\pw kvt\lhmÕeyhpw
ssiihIme ]cnNcWhpw \ÂIm\pw \ntbmKn¨hÀ \nkvXpecpw D¶XcpamWv. \_n(kz)
X§Ä¡v ape¸m \ÂInb leoa(d)bpw IpSpw_hpw A\p`hn¨ `uXnIamb t\«§fpw
KpW§fpw {]kn²amWv. {]Xn^ew \nÝbn¨p \S¯nb Cu ]cnNcW¯n\pt]mepw \m Y³
AhÀ¡p henb ku`mKyw \ÂInsb¦nÂ, kz´w aIs\¶\nebn B]pWy]qta\nsb DZc¯nÂ
hln¡m\pw amtdmSWbv¡m\pw hmÕeyw sNmcnbm\pw `mKyapmb Ban\(d)bpsS
alm`mKysa{XbmWv!
\_n(kz)bpw IpSpw_hpw {]]©\mY\mÂ
XncsªSp¡s¸«hcmsW¶v \_n(kz) Xs¶ ]dªn«pv.
""\nÝbw, AÃmlp CkvamCuÂ
k´XnIfn \n¶p In\m\nIsf XncsªSp¯p. In\m\nIfn \n¶p JpssdinIsf
XncsªSp¯p. JpssdinIfn \n¶p _\qlminans\ XncsªSp¯p. _\qlminan \n¶v Fs¶
XncsªSp¯p'' (apkvenw).
AÃmlphn\m XncsªSp¡s¸«hcneqsS
h¶ XncsªSp¡s¸« ]p{X\mWv \_n (kz) X§Ä. AXn\m Xs¶ Xsâ t{ijvT\mb
krjvSnsb PmX\m¡m\mbn AÃm lp XncsªSp¯hÀ¡v e`n¨ncn¡p¶Xv D¶X]Zhn Xs¶bmWv.
AXmIs« Ahcp sS ]cnip²nsbbpw tam£s¯bpw hyàam¡p¶XpamWv.
C_vdmlow \_n(A)sâ {]mÀY\
C_vdmlow \_n(A Xsâ k´XnIfpsS
KpW¯n\pw ]cnip²n¡pambn \S¯nb {]mÀY\IÄ hnip²JpÀB\nepv. C_vdmlow(A)sâ
k´XnIÄ Xs¶bmWv \_n (kz) X§fpsS ]nXm¡Ä. JÀB³ ]dbp¶p:
""Fsâ \mYm, Cu tZis¯ \o kpc£bpÅXmt¡Wta,
Fs¶bpw Fsâ k´m\§sfbpw _nw_mcm[\ F¶ ]mXI¯n \n¶p \o AItäWta, F¶v
C{_mlow (A) {]mÀYn¨ kµÀ`w kvacWobas{X''(Bibw; C{_mlow:35).
""R§fpsS \mYm, R§sf \o
apkvenwIfmt¡Wta, R§fpsS k´XnIfn \n¶p \nkvImcw \ne\nÀ¯p¶hsc \o Bt¡Wta,
R§fpsS \mYm Cu {]mÀY\ \o kzoIcnt¡Wta''(Bibw, C{_mlow.40).
""R§fpsS \mYm, Fsâ k´m\§fnÂs]«hs\,
Irjnsbm¶panÃm¯ Xmgvhmc¯v,\nsâ hnip² `h\¯n¦Â Rm³ Xmakn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p;
R§fpsS \mYm, AhÀ \n kvImcw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\mbn. AXn\m a\pjylrZb§sf \o
Ahcnte¡v BIÀ jn¸n¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v FÃm ]g§fpw \o \ÂIpIbpw sNt¿Wta. AhÀ
\µnbpÅhcmhm³thn''(Bibw: C{_mlow: 37).
""R§fpsS \mYm, R§sf \o
apkvenwIfmt¡Wta. R§fpsS k´XnIfn \n¶p \n\¡v apkvenambn¡gnbp¶ Hcp
kapZmbs¯ \o Bt¡Wta''(Bibw, AÂ_Jd. :128).
""R§fpsS \mYm, Ahcnte¡v,
Ahcn \n¶p Xs¶, AhÀ¡v \nsâ kqà§Ä ]mcmbWw sNbvXXp tIĸn¡pIbpw {KÙhpw Úm\hpw
]Tn¸n¡pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Hcp ZqXs\ \o \ntbmKnt¡Wta''(Bibw:
AÂ_Jd:129).
a¡sb kpc£nX tZiam¡pI, k´m\§sf
_nw_mcm[\bn \n¶p kpc£nXcm¡pI, Ahsc \nkvImcw \ne\nÀ¯p¶hcm¡pI,
apkvenaXmb Hcp kapZmbs¯ Dm¡pI, Ahcn \n¶v Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKn¡pI,
a¡bnse hnP\Xbn P\hmkapmhpI, ]ghÀK§Ä e`yamhp¶ ØnXnbpmhpI F¶o Imcy§Ä
C{_mlow(A)sâ {]mÀY\IÄ DÄs¡mÅp¶pv. Cu Imcy§sfÃmw A£cw{]Xn km £mÂIrXamhpIbpw
sNbvXp.
a¡ \nÀ`bØm\ambXpw AhntS¡v ]ghÀK§Ä
Cd¡paXnsN¿s¸Sp¶Xpw hnip² JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
""AhÀ¡p \mw hnip²`qansb \nÀ`bØm\ambn
kuIcys¸Sp¯n \ÂInbntÃ. AhntS¡v FÃmhn[ ]g§fpw Cd¡paXnsN¿s¸Sp¶pv, \½psS
]¡Â \n¶pÅ ` £Wambn«v'' (Bibw,AÂ_Jd : 57).
CkvamCuÂ(A)apw lmPd_ohn(d)bpw
Xmakamcw`n¡pt¼mÄ a¡ hnP\ambncp¶p sh¶p {]mÀY\mhN\w Xs¶ ]dbp¶p. F¶mÂ
Gsd¯maknbmsX a\pjyhÀK¯nsâ BIÀjWtI{µhpw kam[m\ `qanbpambn a¡ amdn F¶XmWv
Ncn{Xw. alm\mb apl½Zv \_n(kz)X§fpsS \ntbmKw, "Ahcn \n¶pXs¶ Hcp {]hmNI
s\ \ntbmKnt¡Wta' F¶ B{Kl¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIcWambn. hnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:
""hnizmknIÄ¡v Ahcn \n¶pXs¶
HcpZqXs\ \ntbmKn¡pIhgn AÃmlp A\p{Klw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. B {]hmNI³ AhÀ¡v
AÃmlphnsâ kqà§Ä ]mcmb Ww sNbvXp sImSp¡pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v {KÙhpw
Úm \hpw A²ym]\w sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶p'' (Bibw : BepCwdm³: 164).
C_vdmlow \_n(A)\v AÃmlp \Ãhcmb
k´XnIfpsS Hcp ]c¼cXs¶ \ÂIpIbpmbn. tijw \ntbmKnXcmb apgph³ {]hmNI·mcpw
B k´XnIfn \n¶mbncp¶p. CkvlmJv \_n(A)sâ ]p{X\mb bAvJq_v \_n(A)sâ
asämcp t]cmWv CkvdmCuÂ. At±l¯nsâ k´XnIfmWv _\qC{kmCu F¶dnbs¸Sp¶Xv.
Ahcn Bbnc¡W¡n\p {]hmNI³amÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn«pv. B ]c¼cbnse A hkm\ {]hmNI\mWv
Cukm(A). \½psS \_n(kz) X§sf¡pdn¨v CXc {]hmNI·msc¡mÄ ip`hmÀ¯IÄ Cukm(A)
\ÂInbn«pv. CkvamCuÂ(A)sâ ]c¼cbn apl½Zv\_n(kz) X§fÃmsX aäp
{]hmNI³amcmcpw Dmbncp¶nÃ. CsX¡pdn¨v HmÀ½s¸Sp¯n AÃmlp]dbp¶p:
""\mat±l¯n\v (C_vdmlow(A)\v)
CkvlmJns\bpw bAvJq_ns\bpw \ÂIn; Xsâ k´XnIfn {]hmNIXzhpw {KÙhpw \nÝbn¨p''
(Bibw: AÂ A³I_qXv: 27).
"k´XnIfn kXyhnizmknIfmb Hcp
kapZmbs¯ \o Bt¡Wta' F¶ {]mÀY\bpsS ]peÀ¨ Cu kpàw hyàam¡p¶p.
""AÃmlp AXns\ (kXymZÀis¯/BZÀihmIys¯)
C_vdmlow(A)sâ k´XnIfnembn Fs¶¶pw tijn¡p¶ hN\am¡nbncn¡p¶p'' (Bibw:
AÊpJvdp^v: 28).
C_vdmlow(A)sâ \m«pImcpsS _nw_mcm[\m
kz`mh¯n \n¶v C_vdmlow(A) HgnhmsW¶pw GI\mb Cemlns\ Bcm[n¡p¶ amÀKamWt±lw
Ahew_n¨sX¶pw hyàam¡p¶ kpà§fpsS XpSÀ¨bmbn«mWo kpàw DÅXv. AYhm B
]mc¼cy¯nsâ hmlIÀ Fs¶¶pw tijn¡p¶p F¶mWo kpàw hyàam¡p¶Xv. Camw
JpÀXzp_n(d), C_v\pIkoÀ(d) XpS§nbhÀ CXv hyàam¡nbn«pv.
""AJn_v'' F¶ {]tbmKamWv
kqà¯nepÅXv. AXn\p a¡fpw a¡fpsS a¡fpam bn XpSÀ¶phcp¶ A\´cKmanIÄ F¶mWÀYIÂ]\.
AXn\m Xs¶ _nw_mcm[\tbmSpÅ CuÀjyXbpw GI CemlnepÅ hnizmkhpw
XeapdIfnepsS C_vdm low(A)sâ k´XnIfn AkvXan¡msX \ne\n¶ncp¶p.
kp{]kn² JpÀB³ hymJymXmhv
CIvcna(d) ]dbp¶p: ""\mYm, R§Ä cp t]sc bpw \o apkvenwIfmt¡Wta'' F¶v
C_vdmlow(A) {]mÀYn¨t¸mÄ AÃmlp ""Rm \§s\ sNbvXncn¡p¶p'' F¶v ]dbpIbpmbn.
XpSÀ¶v ""Fsâ k´XnIfn \n ¶pw apkvenaXmb Hcp kapZmbs¯ \o Dmt¡Wta'' F¶p
{]mÀYn¨t¸mÄ A Ãmlp ""Rm\Xpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p'' F¶p ]dªp(C_v\pIkoÀ 1/242).
_nw_mcm[\ \S¯m¯hcpsS km¶n²yw
Xsâ k´XnIfn F¡me¯papmhWsa¶XmWv C_vdmlow \_n(A)bpsS {]mÀY\bpsS
XmÂ]cyw. \mY³ AXp km [n¸n¨n«pv Xm\pw. F¶ncns¡ Cu hniZoIcW¯nsâbpw JpÀB\nI
kqN\Ifp sSbpw ]cn[nbn \n¶p \_n(kz) X§fpsS amXm]nXm¡Ä ]pd¯msW¶v ]dbm³
F´p \ymbamWpÅXv? A§s\sbmcp sXfnhpanÃm¯ ØnXn¡v AhÀ c£s¸«hcpsS Iq«¯nemsW¶pw
AXn\p]Icn¡p¶ hn[amWhÀ Pohn¨sX¶pw hyàamWv.
\_n(kz)X§fpsS Nne {]tbmK§Ä
Nne lZokpIfn \_n(kz) ]nXmhnsâbpw
]nXmalsâbpw IqsS X§sf tNÀ ¯p ]dªXv ImWm³ Ignbpw.
""Hcn¡Â Aºmkv(d) \_n(kz)
X§fpsS ASpt¯¡p h¶p. At±lw Ft´m tI«v AkzØ\mbXp t]msebpmbncp¶p. CXp I
dkqÂ(kz)X§Ä {]kwK ]oT¯n Ibdn ""Rm³ BcmWv' F¶p tNmZn¨p. ""A§v
AÃmlphnsâ XncpZqXcmWv'' F¶p kzlm_nIÄ adp]Sn ]dªp. At¸mÄ \_n(kz) ]dªp:
""Rm³ A_vZp ap¯zen_nsâ aI³ A_vZpÃmbpsS aI\mWv. \nÝbw, AÃmlp
krjvSnIÀ½w \S ¯n. krjvSnIfn D¯aamb hn`mK¯n Fs¶ DÄs¸Sp¯n. ]ns¶ Ahsc
hyXy kvX tKm{X§fm¡n. Fs¶ Gähpw D¯aamb tKm{X¯nepÄs¸Sp¯n. B tKm{X s¯
hyXykvX IpSpw_§fm¡n. Fs¶ Ahcn D¯aamb IpSpw_¯nem¡n'' (XpÀapZn).
Cu kw`h¯nsâ ]Ým¯ew IqSn Adnbp¶Xv
hnjb¯nsâ \nPØnXnbdnbm\p]Icn¡pw. Aºmkv(d)hns\ Btcm am\knIambn
hnjan¸n¡pIbpmbn. AXv At±l¯n\v kln¡m\mIpambncp¶nÃ. \_n(kz) X§Ä ]nXrhysâ
Cu hnjamhØbn IpSpw_ _Ô¯nsâ t]cn CSs]SpIbmbncp¶p. Rm\pw Aºmkv(d)hnsâ
IpSpw_amWv.
""P\§tf, Fsâ ]nXrhys\
Bsc¦nepw _p²nap«n¨m Ah³ Fs¶bmWv _p²nap«n¡p¶X.v \nÝbw, HcmfpsS
]nXrktlmZc³ Ahsâ ]nXmhns\t¸mse Xs¶bmWv''(XpÀapZn).
\_n(kz) D¯aIpSpw_w F¶v {]tbmKn¨Xn\mÂ
IpSpw_\mY³amsc¦nepw D¯a³amcmhmsX XcanÃ. At¸mÄ D¯a IpSpw_w F¶ \nebn \_n(kz)bpsS
amXm]nXm¡fpsS D¯amhØbpw {Kln¡mhp¶XmWv. AÃm¯ ]£w AhÀ D¯a³amcmbncp¶nà F¶
FXnÀkm£yw BhiyamWv; AXmIs« CXp hsc D¶bn¡s¸«n«nÃXm\pw.
\_n(kz) Hcn¡Â Hcp {]kwK¯nÂ
Xsâ IpSpw_s¯¡pdn¨v ]dªXv C§s\ D²cn¡s¸«n«pv:
""Rm³ \nkmdnsâ aI\mb apfÀ aI³
CÂbmkv aI³, apZvcnI aI³, Jpsska aI³, In\m\ aI³, \fvÀ aI³, amenIv aI³,
^nlvÀ aI³, Kmen_v aI³, epA¿v aI³, IAv_v aI³, apÀd¯v aI³, Inem_v aI³,
Jpkz¿v aI³, A_vZpa\m^v aI³, lminw aI³, A_vZp ap¯zen_v aI³ A_vZpÃmbpsS
aI\mb apl½Zv BWv. P\§Ä cmbn ]ncnbp¶ L«§fnseÃmw Fs¶ AÃmlp
D¯aambXnemWm¡nbXv. Fsâ amXm]nXm¡fneqsS Rm³ PmX\mbn. AÚm\ ImeL«¯nse
AhnlnX imcocnI_豈 bmsXm¶pw Fs¶ _m[n¨n«nÃ. Rm³ icnbmb hnhml
IÀ½¯neqsSbpÅ Zm¼Xy¯nemWv P\n¨Xv. Rm³ AcpXm¯ hnhml_Ô¯n ]nd¶h\Ã. BZw(A)
apX C{]Imcw Rms\sâ amXm]nXm¡fnse¯nt¨ À¶p. BIbm Rm³ \n§fn D¯a am\k\mWv.
D¯aicocnbmWv. \n§fn D¯a\mb ]nXmhpÅh\pamW'' (ss_lJn. ZemC :
1/174,175).
C_v\p IkoÀ(d) AÂ_nZmbXph¶nlmb
hmfyw cv, t]Pv 333Â Cu {]kwKw D ²cn¨ tijw C§s\ ]dbp¶p: ""]c¼cbpsS
ASnØm\¯n Cu lZokv fCu^msW¶v ]dbmsa¦nepw Bib]cambn CXn\v Dt]mÂ_eIamb [mcmfw
lZokpIfp v''.
\_n(kz) kz´w ]nXm¡fpsS t]cnÂ
ta³a ]dbp¶Xv CXn hyàamWv. AtXmsSm¸w t{imXm¡fmb kzlm_nIfpsSsbms¡ ]nXm¡sf¡mÄ
D¯a\mb ]nXmhpÅh\mWv Xms\¶ {]tbmKw IqSpXÂ AÀYKÀ`amWv. \_n(kz)bpsS \· F¶
{] tbmK¯n\v kXyhnizmkw F¶ ASnØm\ \· DÄs¡mÅm³ am{Xw hym]vXnbnsömtWm
\mw a\Ênemt¡Xv? AtXm \_n(kz) X§Ä¡v ]nXmsh¶ \nebn ] cnNbs¸Sp¯m³
XSÊamhm¯hn[w C_vdmloaokcWbn Pohn¨hcmbncp¶p AhÀ F¶mtWm?.
kaImeP\XbpsS ioeamb
B`nPmXy{]tLmjW¯nsâ `mKambn \_n(kz) X§fpsS Cu ]cmaÀis¯ \ap¡v ImWm³
km[yaÃ. {]XypX; \à tKm{X¯n \à IpSpw_¯n \Ãh\mb ]nXmhn\p ]nd¶h\mWv Xms\¶p
temIs¯ Adnbn¡pIbmWhnSp¶v . hncp² {]NmcW§Ä Dmhpsa¶Xnte¡pÅ kqN\ IqSn
AXneS§ntbm F¶v BtemNn¡mhp¶ kmlNcyhpw XÅn¡fbm\mhnÃ. AXn\m Xs¶ D¯aw F¶
hntijW¯n\Àlcmbn«pÅ IpSpw_¯nsebpw tKm{X¯nsebpw AwK§sfbpw ]nXmhns\bpw A\pkvacn¡pIbpw
AhÀ A\pkvacW tbmKycmsW¶v ]Tn¸n¡pIbpamWv \_n(kz). AÚm\ Ime¯v
AhnizmknIfmb ]nXm¡fnte¡v tNÀ¯n IpSpw_ amlmßyhpw aäpw ]dbp¶Xv \_n(kz)
X§Ä Xs¶ hne¡nbn«pÅXpamWv. \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p:
""AÚm\Ime¯v arXnbSª ]nXm¡sfs¡mv
\n§Ä s]cpa ]dbcpXv.AÃmlphmsW, Cu ZpÀKÔw han¡p¶ aen\ Pew \kyw sN¿p¶XmWv
Pmlnen¿m Ime s¯ ]nXm¡sf {]iwkn¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ D¯aambXv''(AlvaZv, Xz_vdm\n).
""Hcph³ Xsâ ]nXm¡fn \n¶v
AhnizmknIfmb H¼Xp t]sc ta³a F¶ \nebn X¶nte¡p tNÀ¯p ]dªm Ah³
AhtcmsSm¸w ]¯mas¯ Bfmbn \cI¯nembncn¡pw'' (AlvaZv, A_pbAve).
Cu lZokpIfpsS _mlymÀYhpw AXn\p
\ÂIs¸« hymJym\§fpw ]cnKWn¨m epw, \_n(kz)bn \n¶v Cu \ntcm[nX Imcyw
Dmhm³ ]mSnÃm¯XmWv. AXn\m  \_n(kz) sNbvXXv A\phZ\obamb Imcyhpw AhnSp¶p
]dª ]nXm¡Ä ]dbs¸Sm\ÀlcpamWv F¶mWv Cu cp lZokpIfpw tNÀ¯phmbn¨m a\ÊnemhpI.
Ad_nIfpsS ssienb\pkcn¨p hfÀ¯p]nXmhnte¡v tNÀ¯n aIs\¶p ]dbmdpv. P\n¡p¶Xn\p
ap¼v ]nXmhv acWs¸«Xn\m ]nXmal\mb A_vZp ap¯zen_mWv \_n(kz)sb hfÀ¯nbXv.
A¡mcW¯m \_n(kz)sb Ad_nIfn NneÀ C_v\p A_vZn ap¯zen_v F¶pw
hnfn¡mdpmbncp¶p.
""Hcn¡Â \_n(kz)bpw kzlm_nIfpw
]Ånbnembncns¡ Hcp {KmaoW³ h¶v, \_n (kz)sb At\zjn¨p. kzlm_nIft±l¯n\v \_n(kz)sb
ImWn¨p sImSp¯t¸mÄ AbmÄ ""A_vZp ap¯zen_nsâ aIt\'' F¶p hnfn¨p. \_n(kz)
AXn\p adp]Sn\ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp''(Bibw: _pJmcn, \kmCu).
Cu kwt_m[\ \_n(kz) X§Ä
Xncp¯pIbpmbnÃ. AhnSp¶p Xs¶ A§s\ ]dª kµÀ`hpapmbn«pv. lpss\³
bp²thfbn Hchkc¯n \ncmbp[cmb kzlm_nIfn NneÀ bp²apJ¯p\n¶p amdn\n¶
kmlNcyapmbn. apkvenw t]mcmfnIÄ bp²¡f¯n IpdhmsW¶p Ip i{Xp]£w apt¶m«mªt¸mÄ
\_n(kz) km`nam\w, kss[cyw {]Jym]n¨p: ""Rm³ {]hmNI\mWv. CXv IfhÃ. Rm³
A_vZp ap¯zen_nsâ ]p{X\mWv'' (_pJmcn/apkvenw).
"IAv_ XIÀ¡m\mbn A_vdl¯pw ]cnhmc§fpsa¯nb
kµÀ`¯n ssØcy hpw ss[cyhpw ssIhnSmsX im´\mbn¡gnbpIbpw bp²anÃmsX hnPbw
hcn¡pIbpw sNbvX A_vZp ap¯zen_nsâ ]p{X\mWv Rm³. ChnsS ]Xdp¶ {]iv\anÃ.
AtXmsSm¸w Rms\mcp {]hmNI\msW¶Xn\m F\n¡v ]ndtIm«p t]mthXnÃ' F¶Xmbncn¡mw
B {]Jym]\¯nsâ s]mcpÄ.
\_n(kz) X§Ä kz´w ]nXm¡fnÂ
A`nam\n¡pIbpw kam[m\w sImÅpIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦n AXn\hÀ AÀlcpw
tbmKycpambncn¡WatÃm. AÃm¯ ]£w {]kvXpX \ntcm[\¯nsâ ]cn[nbn \n¶v CXpw
HgnhmIp¶XÃ.
hnip² JpÀB³ ]cmaÀiw
hnip² JpÀB³ 26mw A[ymbamb
kqd¯pÈpAdmCse. 219 mw \¼À kqà¯n\v JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fpsS t\Xmhmb C_v\p
Aºmkv(d) \ÂInb hymJym\a\pkcn¨v a\pjymcw`w apXepÅ, \_n(kz)bpsS
amXm]nXm¡sfÃmw kÂkcWnbn k©cn¨ncp¶hcmbncp¶p F¶p hyàamWv. {]ikvX JpÀB³
hymJymXm¡sf Ãmw Cu ho£Ww X§fpsS {KÙ§fn D²cn¨n«pv. C_v\p Aºmkv(d)hnsâ
Xs¶ hymJym\ ]cmaÀi§Ä t{ImUoIcn¨ X³hodp anJv_mkv t]Pv 396 Cu kqà¯n¶v
\ÂInb hymJym\an§s\bmWv:
""X§Ä \n¶p \nkvIcn¡p¶ kab¯pw,
kpPqZv sN¿p¶hcnepsS A§v \o§ns¡mncn¡p¶Xpw AÃmlp ImWp¶pmbncp¶p''(Bibw:
AÈpAdmAv 218, 219).
]p¯³ hmZnIÄ¡v IqSn kzoImcycmb
iu¡m\nbpw C_v\pIkodpw(d) C_v\p A ºmkv(d) hnsâ Cu X^vkoÀ D²cn¨n«pv.
""A§sb \mw GI
ssZhhnizmknIfnembn, Hcp {]hmNI\n \n¶p asämcp {]hmNI\nte¡v(F¶n§s\) Cu
kapZmb¯n \n¶p cwK¯p sImph¶p'' (^Xvlp JZoÀ: 4/149).
XpSÀ¶v At±lw FgpXp¶p: ""A_qAwdn\nÂAZ\o
Xsâ apkv\Znepw _ÊmÀ, C_v\p A_olmXnw, Xz_vdm\o, C_v\paÀZsshln, A_q\psFw(d.lpw)
F¶nhcpw, ""kpPqZv sN¿p¶hcneqsS... ''F¶ kqà¯nsâ hymJym\¯n C_v\p Aºmkv
(d) C§s\ ]dªXmbn D²cn¨n«pv. ""Hcp \_nbn \n¶p asämcp \_nbnte¡v; A§s\
\n§Ä \_nbmbn \ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶Xp hsc'' (t\m¡pI, ^Xvlp JZoÀ: 4/152)
\_n(kz) Hcp {]hmNI\n \n¶p
asämcp {]hmNI\nte¡v F¶ {Ia¯n \o§pIbpw ]n¶oSv \ntbmKnX\mhpIbpw sNbvXp
F¶ {]tbmKw {it²bamWv. \_n (kz)bpsS ]nXm¡fn CkvamCuÂ(A)hscbpÅhcmcpw {]hmNIcmbncp¶nÃ.
CkvamCuÂ(A)\v ap¼pÅ ]nXm¡fnepw {]hmNIcÃm¯hcpmbn«p.v F¦n B ]c¼cbnse
{]hmNIcÃm¯ ]nXm¡Ä t]mepw kÂkcWnbneqsS Pohn¡p¶ hcmbncp¶p F¶mWp a\Ênem¡m\mhp¶Xv.
\_n(kz) X§fpsS lZokpIÄ A Xn¶p sXfnhmWv.
C_v\pAºmkv(d)hnsâ hymJym\w
D²cn¨n«pÅ X^vkoÀ Ncn{X{KÙ§fn NneXv Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p: X^vkodp_v\n IkoÀ:
hmfyw 3 t]Pv 352, X^vkoÀ dmkn: hmfyw: 24 t]Pv: 149, X^vkodp JpÀXzp_n:
hmfyw: 13 t]P:v 97, lminb¯pÊzmhn: hmfyw: 3 t]Pv: 152, X^vkodp Jmkn³:
hmfyw: 3 t]Pv: 334, X^vkodp amhÀZn: hmfyw: 4 t]Pv: 189, X^vkoÀ dqlpÂ
aB\n: hmfyw: 10 t]Pv: 135, X^vkoÀ dqlp _bm³: hmfyw: 6 t]Pv: 313, X^vkoÀ
A±pÀdp a³kqÀ: hmfyw: 5 t]Pv: 184,X^vkoÀ kmZp akoÀ: hmfyw: 6 t]Pv:
148, X^vkoÀ ^Xvlp JZoÀ: hmfyw: 4 t]Pv: 149, X^vkodp _Kvho: hmfyw: 3
t]Pv: 344, Xz_JmXv_v\p kAvZ:v hmfyw: 1 t]P:v 22, A an\lp a¡n¿: hmfyw:
1 t]Pv: 151.
""kpPqZv sN¿p¶hÀ F¶Xnsâ hymJy\w
{]hmNI³amÀ F¶mWv. Camw Xz_vdm\n(d), _ÊmÀ(d), A_p\psFw(d) AS¡apÅ Hcp
kwLw C_v\p Aºmkv(d)hn  \n¶v D²cn¨n«pÅXmWnXv''(dqlp aB\n 10/135).
C_v\paÀZsshln(d) D²cn¨ Hcp
lZokv Cu Bb¯nsâ hymJym\ NÀ¨bn Camw kpbqYn(d) DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pv.
""C_v\p Aºmkv(d) ]dbp¶p: ""BZw(A)
kzÀK¯nembncp¶t¸mÄ A§v FhnsSbmbncp¶p'' F¶p Rm³ \_n(kz)tbmSp tNmZn¨p.
At¸mghnSp¶p \¶mbn ]p©ncn¨p sImv ]dªp: ""Rm³ BZw(A)sâ apXpInembncp¶p.
Rm³ apXpInembncns¡bmWv BZw(A) kzÀK¯n \n¶p ]pd¯p h¶Xv. Fsâ ]nXmhv \qlv
\_n (A)sâ apXpInembn Rm³ I¸en k©cn¨ncp¶p. Fsâ ]nXmhv C_vdmlow (A)sâ
apXpInembn Rm³ Xobnsednbs¸«ncp¶p. Fsâ amXm]nXm¡Ä Ahnip² hnhml¯nembn
kÔn¨n«nÃ. D¯aamb apXpIpIfn \n¶p(]nXm¡fn \n¶p) ]cnip²amb
KÀ`mib§fneqsS(amXm¡fnepsS) ]cnip²ambpw \nÀ½eambpw A Ãmlp Fs¶ \o¡ns¡mncp¶p.
P\XIÄ Ft¸msgms¡ cv imJIfmbn ]ncnbp¶pthm At¸msgms¡ Rm³ Ahcnteähpw
D¯aamb imJbnembncp¶p'' (X^vkodp:A±pÀdp a³kqÀ: 5/184).
Camw dmkn(d) Cu lZoknsâ `mK§Ä
\_n(kz)bpsS amXm]nXm¡fpsS ]cnip²n¡p sXfnhmbn D²cn¨n«pv.
Npcp¡¯n hnip² JpÀB\nse Cu
kpàw \_n(kz)bpsS amXr ]nXr]c¼cbpsS ]hn{XXbpw AXphgn AhcpsS tam£hpw
a\Ênem¡m³ aXnbmb sXfnhmWv. |