aZo\¯pÀdkqÂ

ap³KmanIfpw ]n³KmanIfpambn \nch[n ]WvVnX·mÀ aZo\bpsS Ncn{XsagpXnbn«p­v. Ahcn Gäw {]kn²\mWv AÃmam Aen kwlqZn (lnPvd 844‏þ911). At±lw aq¶p {KÙ§Ä CÆnjbIambn FgpXnbn«p­v. Ahbn Gäw hnJymXambXv "h^mD h^m' F¶ {KÙamWv. Cu {KÙw CÆnjb¯n Gäw B[nImcnIambn KWn¨p hcp¶p. ImcWw aq¶p e£w lZokv a\x]mTapÅ Cu im^nCu ]WvVnX³ ap^vXnbpw, apZcnkpambn aZo\bn hfsc¡mew Xmakn¨n«p­v. ssiJv kwlqZn Cu {KÙ¯n aZo\m ]«W¯n\v JpÀB³, lZokv, ]qÀÆthZ§Ä, Ncn{X{KÙ§Ä F¶nhsb B[mcam¡n 94 t]cpIÄ F®n¸dªn«p­v. t]cnsâ s]cp¸w alXz¯nsâ hep¸amWv hnfnt¨mXp¶Xv.

\_n (kz) a¡bn \n¶v, hnip² ldan \n¶v, IAv_bpsS Nmc¯p \n¶v, ]emb\w sN¿m³ \nÀ_ÔnX\mbt¸mÄ Xncpta\n (kz) a\w s\m´p sNbvX {]mÀY\ t\m¡q: "AÃmlpth, F\n¡p Gäw CjvSs¸« Hcp \m«n \n¶v Fs¶ \o ]pds¸So¨Xpt]mse \n\t¡äw CjvSs¸« Hcp \m«n Fs¶ A[nhkn¸nt¡Wta' (lmInw)

Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS asämcp {]kvXmh\ IqSn ImWpI: "\n§fn BÀs¡¦nepw aZo\bn acn¡m³ kuIcys¸Spsa¦n Ah³ AhnsS acn¡s«. Rm³ aZo\bn acn¡p¶h\p in]mÀiI\mbncn¡pw' (XpÀapZn). aZo\m ap\ÆdbpsS HuÂIrjvSyw hnhcn¡p¶ ]cÈXw sXfnhpIfn H¶p cs­®w am{XamWnXv.

\qtdmfw t]cps­¦nepw {]hmNI]«Ww F¶ÀYw hcp¶ "aZo\¯pÀdkqÂ' F¶ t]cmWv {]kn²w. AÃmlp Ahsâ Gähpw {]nbs¸« {]hmNIsâ \nhmk¯n\p XncsªSp¯ ]«Ww, {]hNnX\mb A´y{]hmNIsâ ]emb\Øeambn ]qÀÆ {]hmNIÀ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nb ]«Ww, Ckvemansâ hfÀ¨¡pw DbÀ¨¡pw {]Nmc¯n\pw klmbn¨ ]«Ww. AXmWv aZo\. AXmWv temIs¯ H¶mas¯ Ckvem anI cmjv{Sw. AhnsSbmWv {]Ya `cWIqSw \nehn h¶Xv; icoA¯v \nba§Ä k¼qÀ®ambn {]tbmKh¡cn¡s¸«Xv. AhnsS \n¶mWv Ckvemansâ ktµihpambn {]t_m[I kwL§Ä temIcmPy§fnte¡v Cd§n¯ncn¨Xv. [oc tk\m\nIÄ, Ckvemansâ sh¶ns¡mSntb´n ssP{Xbm{X ]pds¸«Xpw AhnsS \n¶p Xs¶.

\_n Xncpta\n (kz) AhnsS A´yhn{iaw sImÅp¶p F¶XmWv aZo\m]«W¯nsâ Gähpw henb khntijX. AhnSps¯ ]pWyicocw \nesImÅp¶ Øew `qanbn Gähpw t{ijvTamb ØeamWv F¶ Imcyw AhnXÀ¡nXamsW¶pw A¡mcy¯n ]WvVnX·mÀ GtIm]n¸n¨n«ps­¶pw AÃmam kwlqZn (1/28) tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. \_n (kz) sb kµÀin¡m³ PohnXImes¯¶t]mse At§m«v hnizmknIÄ HgpIp¶p.

aZo\m ]«Ww Ckveman\p ap¼v

BZna ]nXmhmb BZw \_n (A) tbmsS `qapJ¯v a\pjy Ncn{Xhpw CkvemanI Ncn{Xhpw Bcw`n¨p. a\pjy]nXmhv XpS§nsh¨ \mKcnIXm \nÀ½mWhpw aX{]t_m[\hpw k´m\§Ä XpSÀ¶p. AhktcmNnXw h¶ {]hmNI·mÀ AhÀ¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIn. Imem´tcW a\pjy kapZmbw _lpssZhXz¯nte¡pw XÖ\yamb hn{Klmcm[\bnte¡pw hgpXn hoWp. At¸mgmWv temINcn{X¯nemZyambn AhnizmknIsfbpw _lpssZhmcm[Iscbpw {]t_m[n¸n¡p¶Xn\p th­n Hcp {]hmNI³ kamKXamIp¶Xv. At±lamWv \qlv \_n (A). AXpsIm­mWv At±lw {]Ya {]hmNI³, {]YaZqX³ F¶o t]cpIfn Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. At±l¯n\p ap¼v h¶ ZqX·mÀ GIssZh hnizmknItfmSv {]t_m[\w \S¯nbhcmbncp¶p.

\o­ sXmÅmbnc¯n A¼Xv sImÃs¯ {]t_m[\s¯ AhKWn¨htlfn¨ [n¡mcnIsf Xzq^m³ F¶ alm Pe{]fb¯neqsS AÃmlp \in¸n¨p. \qlv \_n (A) sbbpw kXyhnizmknIfmb Xsâ IpSpw_s¯bpw AÃmlp c£n¨p. _m_ntem¬ ]«W¯nsâ kao]¯v {]fbm\´cw AhÀ I¸end§n. F¬]Xp t]cmbncp¶p I¸enep­mbncp¶Xv. AhÀ \nhkn¨ {]tZiw "aZo\¯pÊam\o³' (F¬]Xpt]cpsS ]«Ww) F¶ t]cn Adnbs¸«p. P\kwJy IqSnbt¸mÄ Hmtcm IpSpw_hpw hnhn[ cmPy§fnte¡v Xmakw amän¯pS§n. \qlv \_n (A) sâ c­mas¯ ]u{X\mb A_oensâ aI³ bkvcn_v IpSpw_ktaXw aZo\bn h¶p Xmakam¡n. A§s\bmWv Cu {]tZiw ]n¡me¯v bkvcn_v F¶ t]cn {]kn²ambXv. ]n¶oSv ]e ImcW§fmepw ]e PqX IpSpw_§fpw aZo\bn IpSntbdn¸mÀ¡pIbpw AhnsS B[n]Xyw Øm]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AhÀ Ccp]¯t©mfw IpSpw_§fp­mbncp¶p. Ahcn _\qJpssdf, _\q¶foÀ, _\q ssJ\pJmXv F¶o tKm{X§Ä Gäw {]kn²§fs{X.

Hukv, JkvdPv

ba\nse {]kn²amb AWs]m«nbXns\ XpSÀ¶v ]e IpSpw_§fpw ]e cmPy§fnepambn IpSntbdn¸mÀ¯p. A¡q«¯n _\q ssJem tKm{Xw bkvcn_n Xmakn¨p. Hukv, JkvdPv F¶o Ad_nhwi§fmWv _\qssJe. ssJe F¶Xv AhcpsS amXmhnsâ t]cmWv. ]nXmhv lmcnk¯p_v\p sskZv. kpc£nX¯n\pw {]Xntcm[¯n\pw kpJhmk¯n\pambn bkvcn_v \nhmknIÄ AhnsS H«[nIw tIm«IÄ \nÀ½n¡pIbp­mbn. A¼¯n H¼Xv tIm«IÄ PqX·mÀ t\cs¯ \nÀ½n¨n«p­mbncp¶p. Ahsc A\pIcn¨p ]n¶oSv Ad_nIÄ bkvcn_n ]Xnaq¶p tIm«IÄ \nÀ½n¨p. Cu Fgp]¯n c­p tIm«IÄ¡p ]pdsa ]n¶oSv \_n (kz) bpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw, A¼¯nbmdv tIm«IÄ apkvenwIfpw \nÀ½n¨p. AtXmsS \qänbncp]s¯«p tIm«IÄ AhnsS ImWmdmbn. IqSpX tIm«IÄ F®n¸dª Ncn{XImc·mcpw D­v.

Hukv tKm{X¯n {]kn²amb ]Xnaq¶v hwi§fp­mbncp¶p. JkvdPv tKm{X¯n ap¸¯nbmdv hwihpw. Hukv, JkvdPv tKm{X¡mcmWv Ckvemansâ BKa\t¯msS A³kzmÀ F¶ t]cn {]kn²cmbXv. {]hmNIscbpw Ckvemans\bpw aplmPndpIsfbpw AXpeyamb kvt\lhmbvt]msS klmbn¨mZcn¨XpsIm­mWv AÃmlp AhÀ¡v Cu A`n[m\w \ÂInbXv.

Ckvemw aZo\bnÂ

Ckvemansâ P·\mSv a¡sb¦nepw {]hmNI\pw A\pbmbnIÄ¡pw AhnsS \n¡¡ÅnbnÃmsXbmbt¸mÄ {]t_m[\{]hÀ¯\¯n\v Gäw hf¡qdpÅ aZo\ma®nte¡v \o§p¶Xn\v AÃmlp Ifsamcp¡n. \p_pƯnsâ ]Xns\m¶mw hÀjw aZo\bn \n¶v lÖv XoÀYmS\mÀYw a¡bnse¯nb Bdp JkvdPnIÄ \_n (kz) sb I­p Ckvemw aXw kzoIcn¨p. AhÀ \m«nte¡p Xncn¨p. ]pXnb ktµiw \m«pImsc ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n. ]ecpw ]pXnb {]Øm\¯nsâ hàm¡fmbn. ASp¯ hÀjw lÖpthfbn Xncpta\nbpambn ImWmsa¶v aZo\mkwLw IcmÀ sNbvXn«p­mbncp¶p. ]{´­mw hÀjw ]{´­p t]À a¡bnse¯n.

an\mbnse AJ_¡cnIn \_n (kz) bpambn A`napJw \S¯n. A¶v AhnsS \S¶ IcmÀ H¶mw AJ_m DS¼Sn F¶ t]cn Adnbs¸Sp¶p. inÀ¡v, tamjWw, hy`nNmcw, k´m\h[w, hymP hmÀ¯m \nÀ½mWw F¶nh hÀÖn¡pI, Hcp \ÃImcy¯nepw \_n (kz) tbmSv A\pkcWt¡Sv ImWn¡mXncn¡pI F¶nhbmbncp¶p Cu DS¼Snbnse ImXemb hi§Ä. Xncn¨p t]mIpt¼mÄ AhtcmsSm¸w A²ym]\¯n\pw {]t_m[\¯n\pambn apkvA_p_v\p DssaÀ F¶ injys\ hn«psImSp¯p. aZo\mbnse ]pXnb hoSpIfn Ckvemw F¯p¶Xn\v CXp ImcWambn. kAZv_v\p apBZv, DsskZv_v\p lpssfÀ XpS§nb {]apJÀ CkvemwaXw BtÇjn¨p.

\p_pƯnsâ ]Xnaq¶mw hÀjw lÖpthfbn aZo\bn \n¶v \nch[n t]À a¡bnse¯n. A¡q«¯nep­mbncp¶ Fgp]¯©p apkvenwIÄ cm{Xn kab¯v hfsc clkyambn AJ_¡cnsI \_n (kz) bpambn A`napJw \S¯n. Xncpta\n aZo\bnte¡v hcp¶psh¦n kz´w `mcym k´m\§sf kwc£n¡pw hn[w kwc£n¡psa¶v XZhkcw AhÀ IcmÀ sNbvXp. CXmWv c­mw AJ_m DS¼Sn. DS¼Sn clkysa¦nepw kwKXn GtXm hn[w i{Xp¡fdnªp. aÀ±\apdIÄ iXKpWo`hn¨p. apkvenwItfmSv aZo\bnte¡v lnPvd sN¿phm³ Xncpta\n BÚm]n¨p. \mSpw hoSpw k¼¯pw k´m\hpw Dt]£n¨p AhÀ bm{Xbmbn. Hä¡pw Iq«ambpw bm{X XpSÀ¶p. Xncpta\nbpw A_q_IvÀ, Aen F¶nhcpw GXm\pw ZpÀºe apkvenwIfpw am{Xw aZo\bn Ahtijn¨p.

{]hmNIÀ aZo\bnte¡v

Ckvemw aZo\bn thcq¶n. a¡mapkvenwIÄ A`bmÀYnIfmbn aZo\bnse¯n¡gnªp. {]hmNIsâ BKa\¯n Zmln¨p aZo\mapkvenwIÄ Im¯ncn¸mbn. At¸mgmWv JpssdinIÄ `hnjy¯v a\Ênem¡p¶Xv. AhÀ Zmdp¶Zvh¯n kXzc\S]Sn¡mbn NÀ¨ \S¯n. A´na Xocpam\{]Imcw kÔymkab¯v {]hmNIsâ hoSp hfªp. {]XnImcw tNmZn¡m³ Ignbm¯ hn[w FÃm hwi¯ntebpw {]Xn\n[nIÄ tNÀ¶v H¶n¨p sh«ns¡mÃpIbmbncp¶p e£yw. ]t£, AÃmlphnsâ X{´w hnPbn¨p. AhcpsS IpX{´w ]cmPbs¸«p. A£cmÀY¯n i{Xp¡fpsS I®n s]mSnbn«v AXyÛpXIcamwhn[w c£s¸«p.

AÃmlp t\cs¯ Xs¶ lnPvd¡p BÚ \ÂIn¡gnªn«p­mbncp¶p. AXp {]Imcw Imte¡q«n Xs¶ \_n Xncpta\n (kz) Xsâ CjvStXmg\mb kzn±oJpambn bm{X¡pÅ Bkq{XWw \S¯nbn«p­mbncp¶p. aq¶p Znhkw kuÀ Kplbn Ccphcpw Ign¨pIq«n. i{Xp¡fpsS Xnc¨n Gsd¡psd Ahkm\n¨p. Ccphcpw bm{X ]p\cmcw`n¨p. FÃm {]XnkÔnItfbpw XcWw sNbvXv AhÀ aZo\bnse¯n. d_oD AÆ F«n\v Xn¦fmgvN cmhnse aZo\bpsS sX¡phi¯v Jp_m {Kma¯nse¯n. \mep Znhkw AhnsS hn{ian¨p. At¸mtg¡pw Aen (d) F¯nt¨À¶p. a¡m \nhmknIÄ \_n (kz) sb G¸n¨ncp¶ Aam\¯pIÄ Xncnt¨Â¸n¡p¶Xn\p th­n At±ls¯ NpaXes¸Sp¯nbXpsIm­mWv sshInbXv. Jp_mbn Xncp\_n (kz) Hcp ]Ån Øm]n¨p. CXmWv aZo\bn Xncpta\n Øm]n¨ H¶mas¯ ]Ån.

d_oD AÆ ]{´­v shÅnbmgvN Ime¯v Jp_mbn \n¶v ]pds¸«p. hgnat²y _\qkmenw IpSpw_¯nsâ hmkØe¯v PpapAx \nÀÆln¨p. AXmbncp¶p CkvemanI Ncn{X¯nse H¶mas¯ PpapAx. Hcp henb kwL¯nsâ AI¼SntbmsS Xncpta\n AhnsS \n¶p aZo\bpsS lrZb`mKs¯¯n. BËmZ`cnXcmb aZo\mapkvenwIÄ \_n (kz) sb hcthäp. Hmtcm ho«pImcpw Xncpta\nbpsS hml\¯nsâ ISnªm¬ ]nSn¨v AhcpsS ho«nend§n¯makn¡m³ £Wn¨p sIm­ncp¶p. "\n§Ä Cu hml\s¯ hnSq, AXn\p {]tXyI Iev]\bp­v' F¶mbncp¶p {]hmNIcpsS {]XnIcWw. A_q A¿q_n A³kzmcn F¶ {]ikvX kzlm_nbpsS ho«n\p ap¼n H«Iw ap«pIp¯n. ""ChnsS Xs¶ Cd¡w. C³im AÃmlv, \mYm A\pKrloXamsbmcnS¯v Fs¶ Cdt¡Wta. \o BXntYbcn D¯a\s{X'' F¶p ]dªp. Xncp\_n (kz) Xmsgbnd§n. hml\¸pd¯p \n¶v km[\§sfSp¯v A_q A¿q_v Xsâ ho«nte¡p sIm­pt]mbn. "GsXmcp hyànbpw Xsâ km[\kma{KnItfmsSm¸w Xs¶' F¶p {]kvXmhn¨psIm­v Xncp\_n (kz) At±l¯nsâ BXnYyw kzoIcn¨p. akvPnZp¶_hn \nehn h¶v At§m«p amdn¯makn¡p¶Xphsc Cu ho«nembncp¶p {]hmNIcpsS Xmakw.

akvPnZp¶_hn

aZo\bn {]hmNIcpsS H¶mas¯ {]hÀ¯\w ]Ån \nÀ½mWambncp¶p. aZo\bpsS a²y¯n H«Iw ap«pIp¯nb CS¯v lnPvd H¶mw hÀjw d_oD AÆ amk¯n Xs¶ ]ÅnbpsS \nÀ½mWw XpS§n. c­p A\mY_mecptSXmbncp¶p B Øew. AhcXp kuP\yambn \ÂIm³ k¶²cmsb¦nepw AhcpsS c£nXm¡Ä aptJ\ ]¯p Zo\mÀ hne sImSp¯p Xncpta\n Øew I¨hSw sNbvXp. Xr¡cw sIm­v {]Yaine sh¨p. c­mat¯Xv A_q_Ivdpw sh¨p. AtXmsS inemØm]\ IÀ½w ]qÀ¯nbmbn. AkvXnhmcw IÃpw NpacpIÄ CjvSnIbpw ta¯«v Cu¯¸\bpw a«epw XqWpIÄ Cu´¸\¯SnIfpambncp¶p. Xdbv¡p aq¶p apghpw Npacn\p A©papghpw s]m¡ap­mbncp¶p. Fgp]Xp apgw \ofhpw Adp]Xp apgw hoXnbpw DÅ \nehnkvXoÀ®w, Bbnc¯n A¼Xv NXpc{i aoäÀ hnkvXoÀ®apÅXmbncp¶p. Nc ]Xn¨ Xdbn hncnt¸m ]mbtbm D­mbncp¶nÃ. Hcp XqWn Nmcn \n¶n«mbncp¶p {]kwKw. an¼À ]n¶oSv Øm]nXambt¸mÄ Xncpta\nbpsS {]kwKw AXnte¡p amdn.

Hcp hÀj¯n\Iw akvPnZp¶_hnbpsS \nÀ½mWw ]qÀ¯nbmbn. Bcm[\bpsSbpw {]t_m[\¯nsâbpw `cW¯nsâbpw tI{µw Cu ]Ånbmbncp¶p. ChnsS \n¶mWv Ckvemansâ shfn¨w temI¯v hym]n¨Xv. ChnsS \n¶mWv temI¯nse {]kn²·mÀ¡v Ckvemante¡p £Wn¨psIm­v {]hmNIÀ I¯b¨Xv. temIs¯ FÃm ]ÅnIfpw ]pWy¯n XpeyamWv. H¶n \n¶p asäm¶nte¡p XoÀYmS\anÃ. F¶m aq¶p ]ÅnIsf CXn \n¶v {]hmNIÀ Hgn¨p \nÀ¯nbn«p­v. akvPnZp ldmw, akvPnZp¶_hn, ss_Xp apJ±knse ]Ån F¶nh. Xncpta\n ]dbp¶p. "Fsâ Cu ]Ånbnse Hcp \nkvImcw akvPnZp ldmw Hgn¨v atäsXmcp ]ÅnbnepapÅ Bbncw \nkvImct¯¡mÄ D¯aamIp¶p.' (_pJmcn, apkvenw)

akvPnZp¶_hnbpsS hn]peoIcWw

akvPnZp¶_hn Hcp sIm¨p ]Ånbmbncp¶psh¦nepw AhktcmNnXw, Bhiym\pkrXw ]et¸mgmbn AXp hn]peoIcn¡s¸«n«p­v. CXx]cy´w H¼Xp hn]peoIcW {ia§Ä \S¶pIgnªp. lnPvd Ggmw hÀjw \_n Xncpta\n (kz) bpsS Ime¯mWv H¶mas¯ hn]peoIcWw. apkvenwIfpsS F®w IqSn ]Ånbn Xnc¡p hÀ[n¨t¸mÄ hoXnbn \m¸Xp apghpw \of¯n ap¸Xp apghpw Iq«n. AtXmsS \ofhpw hoXnbpw \qdp apghpw hnkvXoÀ®w ]Xn\mbncw apghpw (c­mbnc¯n \m\qän Fgp]¯©v NXpc{i aoäÀ) Bbn¯oÀ¶p. ]n¶oSv A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJv (d) sâ Ime¯v taÂ`mK¯p­mbncp¶ Cu´¸\ a«epIÄ {Zhn¨t¸mÄ ]Icw ]pXnbh h¨p amän F¶ÃmsX aäp \nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯\§sfm¶pw \S¶nÃ.

c­mas¯ \nÀ½mWw lnPvd 17‏þmw hÀjw c­mw Jeo^bpsS Ime¯mWv \S¶Xv. HcmfpsS s]m¡¯n IÃpIÄ sIm­v AkvXnhmcw sI«n¸Sp¯p. hnkvXoÀ®w 1100 NXpc{i aoäÀ hÀ[n¸n¨p. lnPvd 29  aq¶mw Jeo^bpsS Ime¯v 496 NXpc{i aoädpw lnPvd 91  Daho `cWm[n]\mb heoZp_n³ A_vZn aen¡nsâ Ime¯v 2369 NXpc{i aoädpw hnkvXoÀ®¯n hÀ[n¸n¨p. lnPvd 165  Aºmko `cWm[n]\mb alvZnbpsS Ime¯v 2450 NXpc{i aoädpw lnPvd 888  Aivd^v JmC¯_mCu N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ime¯v 120 NXpc{i aoädpw hnkvXoÀ®w Iq«n. lnPvd 1277  Dkvam\n `cWm[n]\mb kp¯m³ A_vZp aPoZnsâ Ime¯v 1293 NXpc{i aoäÀ IqSn Iq«nbt¸mÄ \_hn akvPnZnsâ hnkvXoÀ®w sam¯w 10,303 NXpc{i aoädmbn. AXn\p tijw lnPvd 1372  kpDuZn cmPmhmb A_vZp Akoknsâ Ime¯v F«mas¯ hn]peoIcWw \S¶t¸mÄ 6024 NXpc{i aoäÀ hnkvXoÀ®w IqSn. A_vZp Akokv XpS§nb \nÀ½mWw kpDuZv cmPmhmWv ]qÀ¯oIcn¨Xv. AXpsIm­v CXv {]Ya kpDuZn hn]peoIcWambn Adnbs¸Sp¶p. CtXmsS sam¯w hnkvXoÀ®w 16,327 NXpc{i aoädmbn. H¼Xmat¯Xpw Ahkm\t¯Xpamb hn]peoIcWw ^lvZv cmPmhnsâ t\XrXz¯n \S¶p. CXv Gäw henb hn]peoIcWambncp¶p. lnPvd 1414  Gsd¡psd CXnsâ \nÀ½mWw ]qÀ¯nbmsb¶p ]dbmw. 1,56,576 NXpc{i aoäÀ hnkvXoÀ®w hcp¶ _rl¯mb Cu ]Ånbn 2,68,000 t]À¡v Htc kabw \nkvIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. ]ÅnbpsS ]cnkc¯v 2,35,000 NXpc{i aoäÀ hcp¶ apäw kÖoIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. AhnsS 4,30,000 t]À¡v \nkvIcn¡m\pÅ kuIcyap­v. CtXmsS akvPnZp¶_hnbnepw AXnsâ A¦W¯nepambn Htc kabw 6,98,000 t]À¡v \nkvIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

sNdpXpw hepXpambn 85 IhmS§fp­v. 45 F®w {][m\ IhmS§fs{X. kzm`mhnIamb shfn¨hpw hmbp KXmKXhpw e`yamhp¶Xn\pth­n GÀs¸Sp¯nb Nen¡p¶ JpºIÄ hfsc imkv{Xobhpw IuXpIIchpamWv. km[mcW tImWnIÄ¡p ]pdsa sshZypX tImWnIfpw ImWmw. D¯pwK§fmb an\mc§Ä akvPnZp¶_hnbpsS Kmw`ocy¯n\pw kuµcy¯n\pw aIpSw NmÀ¯p¶p. AXym[p\nI kmt¦XnI hnZyIfpsS \nÀ½mW ssh`h¯n\v hntizm¯c \nZÀi\amWv ^lvZv cmPmhnsâ hn]peoIcWt¯msS \nehn h¶ akvPnZp¶_hn.

lpPvd¯pÈco^

akvPnZp¶_hnbpsS \nÀ½mWw \S¶t¸mÄ AXnt\mSv tNÀ¶v \_nbpsS ]Xv\namcmb BCI (d), kuZ (d) F¶nhÀ¡v c­v lpPvd (apdn) \nÀ½n¡s¸«p. AhktcmNnXw aäp hnhml§Ä \S¶t¸mÄ AhÀ¡pw lpPvdIÄ \nÀ½n¡s¸«p. ]ÅnbpsS sX¡v, Ing¡v, hS¡v F¶o `mK§fn ØnXnsNbvXncp¶ Cu lpPvdIÄ CjvSnI, Cu´¸\ a«Â apXembh sIm­v \nÀ½n¡s¸«Xmbncp¶p. lnPvd 91  Daho cmPmhmb heoZnsâ Ime¯v akvPnZnsâ ]p\À\nÀ½mWw \S¶t¸mÄ At±l¯nsâ KhÀWdmbncp¶ DaÀ _n³ A_vZp Akokv Cu lpPvdIsfÃmw s]mfn¨pamän Øew ]ÅnbnepÄs¸Sp¯n. F¶m BCim _ohn (d) bpsS lpPvd CXn \n¶v Hgnhmbncp¶p. Cu lpPvdbmWv lpPvd¯pÈco^ F¶ t]cn hnJymXambn«pÅXv. Cu ho«nemWv BCim _ohn (d) tbmsSm¸w \_n Xncpta\n (kz) Xmakn¨ncp¶Xv. \_n (kz) bpsS h^m¯v \S¶Xpw ChnsS Xs¶.

Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS CjvStXmg\pw, k´X klNmcnbpw Ckvemanse H¶mas¯ AwKhpamb A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJ v(d) hn\v \_nX§Ä \ÂInb Hcp henb _lpaXnbmbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ {]nb]p{Xnbmb BCi (d) sb Xncpta\n (kz) hnhmlw sNbvXp F¶Xv. Ipim{K_p²nbpw AXnkaÀYbpw alm]WvVnXbpw amXrIm h\nXbpamb BCim _ohn (d) bpsS hncnamdn XeNmbv¨p AhcpsS ho«n Xncpta\n h^m¯mbn. AhnsS Xs¶ J_dS¡s¸«p. h^m¯n\p tijw FhnsS J_dS¡Wsa¶ NÀ¨ h¶p. At¸mÄ A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJv (d) ]dªp. {]hmNIÀ ]dbp¶Xv Rm³ tI«n«p­v. acn¨ Øe¯p Xs¶bmWv GsXmcp {]hmNI\pw J_dS¡s¸«n«pÅXv (aphXz). kzlm_namcnsemcp kwLw \_n (kz) sb `qanbn J_dS¡mtam F¶ Imcy¯n Xs¶ kwibn¨p. Xz_vdm\n D²cn¨ lZokv ImWpI: kzlm_namÀ A_q_Ivdn (d) t\mSv tNmZn¨p: {]hmNIsâ Iq«pImcm, AÃmlphnsâ dkqens\ J_dSt¡­Xpt­m? "AtX' F¶p At±lw {]XnhNn¨p. FhnsSbmWv J_dSt¡­Xv? F¶ ASp¯ tNmZy¯n\v C{]Imcw adp]Sn \ÂIn: acnt¨S¯p Xs¶. ImcWw, ]cnip²\pw D¶X\pamb AÃmlp ]cnip²amb Hcp Øe¯p Xs¶bmWv \_n (kz) ¡v h^m¯v \ÂInbn«pÅXv.

\_n Xncpta\n¡p tijw bYm{Iaw A_q_IvÀ (d), DaÀ (d) F¶nhcpw AhnsS J_dS¡s¸«p. A_q_IvÀ (d) BCim _ohn (d) bpsS D¸, \_n( kz) bpsS H¶mas¯ Jeo^, c­mw Jeo^ DaÀ(d) A\phmZw tNmZn¨v BCim _ohn (d) bpsS s]mcp¯w Dd¸phcp¯nbXn\p tijamWv acn¨Xv. acWm\´cw Hcn¡Â IqSn k½Xw tNmZnt¨ AhnsS J_dS¡mhq F¶v At±lw hkzn¿¯v sNbvXn«p­mbncp¶p. C\n Hcp J_dn\pIqSn Øew injvSap­v. AhnsSbmWv Cukm (A) J_dS¡s¸SpI. \_n Xncpta\n (kz) ]dbp¶p: ""aÀbansâ ]p{X\mb Cukm `qtemI¯nte¡nd§n hcpw. At±lw hnhmlw Ign¡pw. k´m\`mKyw D­mIpw. \m¸¯nb©v sImÃw Pohn¡pw. acWm\´cw Fsâ IqsS Fsâ J_dnS¯n J_dS¡s¸Spw. Rm\pw aÀbansâ ]p{X³ Cukm (A) bpw Hcp J_dn \n¶v A_q_IvÀ (d), DaÀ(d) F¶nhcpsS at²y DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â¡pw.'' (h^mD h^m 2/558)

lpPvd¯pÈco^bn aq¶v J_dpIÄ \nehn h¶ tijw Hcp CSadbp­m¡n BCi (d) hoSv hn`Pn¨p. AhnsS Xs¶ Xmakn¨p h¶p. AhcpsS acWm\´cw AhÀ Xmakn¨ Øew iq\yambn. ChnsSbmWv Cukm (A) sâ J_dS¡sa¶v ]e {]apJcpw A`n{]mbs¸«n«p­v. Cu´¸\ a«epIfpw I¼nfn¸pX¸pIfpw D]tbmKn¨p \nÀ½n¨ Cu lpPvd¡v t\cs¯ `n¯nbp­mbncp¶nÃ. DaÀ (d) akvPnZnsâ ]p\À \nÀ½mWw \S¯nbt¸mÄ AXn\p CjvSnIIÄ sIm­v NpacpsI«n. AsXmcp {lkz Npacmbncp¶p. k¼qÀ®amb `n¯n sI«nbXv A_vZpÃmln_v\p kpss_À (d) BWv. (Xz_Jm¯p C_v\p kAvZv 2/494) ]n¶oSv Daho N{IhÀ¯nbmb heoZnsâ IÂ]\ {]Imcw aZo\m KhÀWdmbncp¶ DaÀ_n³ A_vZp Akokv akvPnZp¶_hn ]p\À\nÀ½mWw \S¯nbt¸mÄ Idp¯ IÃpIÄ D]tbmKn¨v lpPvdbpsS ]p\À\nÀ½mWw \S¯n. lnPvd 881  Cu `n¯nbn hnÅ I­t¸mÄ JmC¯m_mCu N{IhÀ¯n hnÅepIÄ AS¨p th­ ]cnjvIcW§Ä \S¯n.

lpPvd¯pÈco^bpsS _mly`mK¯v \mw ImWp¶ NXpÀ`pP sI«nS¯n\I¯v Hcp ]©`pP sI«nSap­v; AXn\I¯v Hcp kaNXpc sI«nShpw. AXn\I¯mWv aq¶v hnip² J_dpIÄ ØnXnsN¿p¶Xv. ]©`pP sI«nS¯n\v IhmSanÃ. AXpsIm­p Xs¶ AIt¯¡p IS¡mt\m AIw ImWmt\m IgnbnÃ.

dufm ico^v

\_n (kz) bpsS lpPvd¯pÈco^¡v A]qÀÆw NneÀ dufmico^v F¶p ]dbmdps­¦nepw lZokp {KÙ§fnepw Ncn{X{KÙ§fnepw ]dª dufmico^v AXÃ. {]XypX, \_n (kz) bpsS lpPvdbpsSbpw an¼dnsâbpw CS¡v ØnXnsN¿p¶ ]ÅnbpsS `mKamWv dufm ico^v. Xncpta\nbpsS {]kvXmh\ ImWpI: ""Fsâ ho«nsâbpw an¼dnsâbpw CSbv¡pÅ Øew kzÀ¤¯nse DZym\§fn \n¶pÅ Hcp DZym\ (duf) amWv; Fsâ an¼À Fsâ lufn\p kao]¯pw.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw) Cu Øe¯v Bcm[\bv¡pw {]mÀY\bv¡pw AXy[nIamb Iqenbpw {]m[m\yhpapÅXpsIm­v AhnsS {]thin¨p ku`mKyw ssIhcn¡phm³ Bbnc§Ä aÕcn¨psImt­bncn¡p¶p.

an¼dnsâbpw lpPvd¯pÈco^bpsSbpw CSbv¡pÅ AIew 53 apgambncp¶p. AYhm Dt±iw 26.5 aoäÀ ]t£, ]©`pP sI«nS¯n\p Npäpw \nÀ½n¨n«pÅ NXpÀ`pP ]n¯f `n¯n dufbpsS Aev]`mKw IhÀs¶Sp¯n«p­v. AXpsIm­v Ct¸mÄ an¼dp apX Cu `n¯nhsc Ahtijn¡p¶Xv Ccp]¯nc­p aoäÀ \ofhpw ]Xn\©p aoäÀ hoXnbpapÅ Øew am{XamWv.