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Fatawa (According to Shafi School of Jurisprudence)
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Question 6
which are the forbidden times for prayer ? Does this apply to missed prayers and Tahiyyah al-Masjid?
Answer
The time of sunrise, the time when the Sun reaches its zenith, the time after a person performs the down Prayer (Fajr prayer) up to sunrise, and the time after a person performs the `Asr prayer up to sunset are all times when voluntary prayers are prohibited. It is prohibited to offer a voluntary prayer at these times unless the prayer has a reason that precedes it.
You can pray your missed obligatory prayers at these times, since obligatory prayers and other prayers that have a reason preceding them may be prayed during these times. If you enter a Masjid at this time, you can pray Tahiyyah al-Masjid, since its reason to be prayed (entering the Masjid) preceded it. Similarly, you can pray your missed Sunnah prayers for down after praying the down prayer.
However, you cannot pray general voluntary prayers that do not have such a reason proceeding it. This means you cannot pray the Istikharah (for example) prayer at his time.
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